Paliperidone regulates intracellular redox system in rat brain: Role of purine mechanism

Abstract

In conclusion, the data obtained in this study suggest that paliperidone can positively alter antioxidant status and, accordingly, can offer positive outcomes in the treatment of schizophrenia by reducing activity in the enzymes ADA and XO, which are associated with purine metabolism. We believe that such a comprehensive approach used with other antipsychotic drugs warrants further study.

High doses of antipsychotic polypharmacy are related to an increase in serum levels of pentosidine in patients with schizophrenia

“…First, we divided the antipsychotics used into the broad groups of FGA, SGA, and polypharmacy, and we did not compare the specific impact of each type of FGA and SGA on serum pentosidine levels. A more detailed analysis may have revealed differences between individual antipsychotics; for example, the FGAs thioridazine and haloperidol have been reported to inhibit the antioxidant system, the other aging system (Otreba et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2014), in a dose-dependent manner (Otreba et al, 2015), whereas the SGA paliperidone activates the antioxidant system (Demirci et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2014). Second, a few of the patients in the present study who were not taking antipsychotic medications showed high serum pentosidine levels, but we did not investigate the known rare genetic risk factors, such as a deficit in GLO1 (Arai et al, 2010) alone or in combination with the most debilitating rare deletion associated with schizophrenia (22q11.2), which has been suggested to affect serum levels of pentosidine (Toyosima et al, 2011).…”

Oxidative stress in drug naïve first episode psychosis and antioxidant effects of risperidone

“…In rats, risperidone showed neuroprotective effects against ischemic damage after cerebral ischemia by attenuating microglia activation, but not by modulating OS markers (Yan et al, 2014). Paliperidone, an active metabolite of risperidone, significantly decreased the activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA), xanthine oxidase (XO), and catalase (CAT) in rat brain tissues, suggesting that this compound may alter antioxidant status (Demirci et al, 2015). In vitro, antipsychotic (e.g.…”

Putative neuroprotective pharmacotherapies to target the staged progression of mental illness

“…In this model, paliperidone had a net antioxidant effect through at least two mechanisms: (a) up‐regulation of nuclear transcription factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (NRF2), which drives antioxidant gene expression and (b) polarization of microglia to their antioxidant phenotype M2. Paliperidone decreases activity of antioxidant enzymes adenosine deaminase, xanthine oxidase and catalase in rat brain tissue indicating reduced burden of oxidative stress (Demirci et al, ).…”

“…These neuropathological changes include impaired neurogenesis, dis- indicating reduced burden of oxidative stress (Demirci et al, 2015).…”