Palladium(0) nanoparticles formed in situ in the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction: The effect of a palladium(II) precursor

Palladium nanoparticles generated from allylpalladium chloride in situ: A simple and highly efficient catalytic system for Mizoroki–Heck reactions

“…According to the reported results on Pd NPs generated from PdCl 2 and Pd(OAc) 2 , the turnover numbers (TON) are between 1000 and 100,000 in general [16,29]. Obviously, our results with PdCl 2 and Pd(OAc) 2 as precursors are comparable with the reported results under the similar reaction conditions [27]. However, when S/C was raised to 5, 000, the reactivity of [Pd(C 3 H 5 )Cl] 2 as precursor was superior to PdCl 2 , Pd(OAc) 2 and Pd(dba) 2 and it gave a TON of 3500 (Table 1, 2 under the reaction conditions?…”

“…Although palladacycle and palladiumephosphine complex systems show high catalytic performance, the synthesis of ligands is tedious. The ligand-free palladium catalysts is a real simple system in practical use [27,28]. For example, Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs), which were formed with Pd(OAc) 2 [29,30] and [Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 ]·6Ph 4 PCl [15], could convert many substrates into the desired products in high yields.…”

Palladium catalysts supported on amine-functionalized glycidyl methacrylate gel type terpolymers. Synthesis, characteristics and study of catalytic activity in Suzuki–Miyaura reactions

“…The coupling of bromobenzene and phenylboronic acid occurred initially within 2 h giving the product with 93% yield. After the 4th cycle the yield of 67% has still obtained [41].In view of the previously published data on the heterogeneous catalysts bearing similar amino ligands [40,41,45,46] our catalysts can be recognized as relatively active since they enable to perform the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling under comparatively mild conditions.…”

“…The reaction time lengthened from 3 h in the 1st run to 22 h in the 3rd (reaction conditions: 80 • C, 1 mol% Pd, ethylene glycol/CsCO 3 ). The same CHDA functionalized gel used without preliminary reduction of the immobilized Pd(II) ions did not lose its catalytic activity so fast as the system with Pd(0) particles [41]. Additionally, it was more active than the catalyst in the reduced form.…”

“…The catalysts based on the resin cross-linked with diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA), bearing EDA units, turned out to be efficient in the hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol and phenylacetylene. On the other side, a similar resin with trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane units were applied successfully for preparation of the catalytic systems for Suzuki-Miyaura reactions [40,41].…”