This chapter deals with the transition-metal-catalyzed hydrothiolation and hydroselenation of alkynes and allenes and related unsaturated compounds with thiols and selenols. In these reactions, the regio-and/or stereoselectivities of the addition products can be controlled by switching the transition metal catalysts. Metal sulfides and selenides (RE-ML n , E ¼ S, Se, M ¼ Ni, Pd, Rh, Zr, Sm, etc.) play an important role as key catalyst species in these hydrothiolation and hydroselenation. The introduction of carbon monoxide into these hydrothiolation and hydroselenation systems leads to novel carbonylation with simultaneous addition of thio and seleno groups to unsaturated bonds.