“…p-Methylthiobromobenzene, for example, provides a yield of 77%, entry 1, [210] of coupled product (p-Cl, 93%; p-NH 2 , 73%; p-Me 2 N, 80%; p-AcNH, 83%, p-NO 2 , 73%; p-CN, 98%; p-OMe, 54%; p-CHO, 72%; p-OH, 98%; p-CO 2 Me, 81%; H, 88%) [22] but high yields are also achieved with most ortho-substituted bromobenzenes, such as with 2aminoiodobenzene, which affords the corresponding cinnamic acid in 72% yield, entry 2 [211] (o-NO 2 , 83%; o-OH, 24%; o-CHO, 28%; o-COMe, 89%; o-OAc, 66%; o-CO 2 Me, 69%). [22] High yields and a highly regioselective -arylation are achieved in reactions of aryl halides with acrylic acid, [187] acrylamides, [210] acrylonitrile, [212] ␣,-unsaturatd carbonyl compounds, [141] sulfonamides, [213] and vinylphosphonates, [214] and with 1,2-disubstituted alkenes [215] as depicted in entries 3-9. The reactions are preferentially performed in polar nonprotic solvents such as acetonitrile or DMF, and frequently under phase transfer conditions.…”