Palladium(II) Recovery from Hydrochloric Acid Solutions by N,N′-Dimethyl-N,N′-Dibutylthiodiglycolamide

Paiva, Ana Paula; Martins, Mario; Ortet, Osvaldo

doi:10.3390/met5042303

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Pt(IV) is slightly co-extracted; nevertheless, the most important result is the absence of Al(III) extraction [44], since this element usually predominates when catalysts leaching solutions are involved. N,N -dimethyl-N,N -dibutyl-TDGA has also been tested under similar conditions as N,N -dimethyl-N,N -dicyclohexyl-TDGA [50], but it generally showed poorer Pd(II) extraction and selectivity performances, hence suggesting that shorter lengths of the fatter alkyl substituents lead to worse Pd(II) recovery figures. Pd(II) stripping from N,N -dimethyl-N,N -dibutyl-TDGA has similarly been successfully achieved with acidic thiourea solutions [50].…”

Section: Scope Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recycling of Palladium from Spent Catalysts Using Solvent Extraction—Some Critical Points

Paiva

2017

Metals

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Electrical and electronics equipment and automotive and industrial catalysts are some examples of top technological devices whose functioning rely on the use of platinum-group metals (PGMs). The PGMs' high economic value and difficult to replace technological properties, together with their scarcity in the Earth's crust, justify concerns about their critical condition and reinforce the importance of developing recycling practices for PGM end-of-life materials. This article presents and discusses recent advances regarding the use of hydrometallurgical solvent extraction to recover one PGM, palladium, from spent catalysts. Two different tendencies are implicit in the literature concerning Pd(II) extraction: a few groups focus on the adjustment and optimization of current commercial extractants, while others prefer to design new extracting compounds. Actually, the leach solutions obtained from the treatment of anthropogenic materials generally exhibit different compositions when compared to those coming from the primary resources. The pros and cons of both approaches are critically discussed, and the assumptions backing some of the reported achievements are also appraised.

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Section: Scope Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selective Pd(II) separation within a wide HCl range; already tested in practical conditions [40,41,44,45,50] Dithiodiglycolamides No Efficient and selective for Pd(II) extraction above 3 M HCl; more applied research necessary [47,48] Tertiary…”

Section: Extractants Application To Real Leaching Solutions Comments mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Palladium from Spent Catalysts Using Solvent Extraction—Some Critical Points

Paiva

2017

Metals

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“…Thioglycolamides are widely used as extractants for noble metals. For example, in a study [40] of palladium Pd (II), platinum Pt (IV), and rhodium Rh…”

Section: Heavy and Noble Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chelating Extractants for Metals

Yudaev

Chistyakov

2022

Metals

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In the present review, works on the classes of chelating extractants for metals, compounds with several amide and carboxyl groups, azomethines, oximes, macrocyclic compounds (crown ethers and calixarenes), phenanthroline derivatives, and others are systematized. This review focuses on the efficiency and selectivity of the extractants in the recovery of metals from industrial wastewater, soil, spent raw materials, and the separation of metal mixtures. As a result of this study, it was found that over the past seven years, the largest number of works has been devoted to the extraction of heavy metals with amino acids (16 articles), azomethines and oximes (12 articles), lanthanids with amide compounds (15 articles), lanthanides and actinides with phenanthroline derivatives (7 articles), and noble metals with calixarenes (4 articles). Analysis of the literature showed that amino acids are especially effective for extracting heavy metals from the soil; thiodiglycolamides and aminocalixarenes for extracting noble metals from industrial waste; amide compounds, azomethines, oximes, and phenanthroline derivatives for extracting actinides; amide compounds for extracting lanthanides; crown ethers for extracting radioactive strontium, rhenium and technetium. The most studied parameters of extraction processes in the reviewed articles were the distribution ratios and separation factors. Based on the reviewed articles, it follows that chelate polydentate compounds are more efficient compounds for the extraction of metals from secondary resources compared to monodentate compounds.

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“…We aimed to develop new extracting agents for the selective and efficient recovery of PGMs from the leach liquors of automotive catalysts. Among the developed extractants, PGM recovery from leach liquors of automotive catalysts as targeted secondary resources has been conducted using thiacalixarene, − dithioether, and pincer ligands. , Amide-based compounds, that is, malonamide, sulfur-containing monoamide, thioamide, thioglycolamide, dithioglycolamide, and succinamide, have been thoroughly investigated as advantageous extractants for the recovery of Pd(II) and Pt(IV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiodiphenol-Based n-Dialkylamino Extractants for Selective Platinum Group Metal Separation from Automotive Catalysts

Yamada¹,

Gandhi²,

Kaneta³

et al. 2018

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Five kinds of dialkylamino-modified thiodiphenols (2–6) were synthesized to elucidate the extraction of Pd(II) and Pt(IV) in HCl media by thiodiphenol-based n-dialkylamino extractants. Although the synthesized species 2–6 showed good solubility in hydrocarbon-based diluents such as kerosene, ShellSol D70, and ISOPAR M, the addition of n-octanol to the platinum group metals (PGMs) extraction was needed to inhibit third layer formation. All the 2–6 extract Pd(II) and Pt(IV) were much more effective than the commercial extractants, 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime (LIX84-I), tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP), and tri-n-octylamine (TOA). Increasing the hydrophobicity of the extractants by increasing the alkyl chain length had an effect on the Pd(II), Pt(IV), and Rh(III) extractabilities, which increased in the order from 2 to 6. Extractant 6 could also be used for the selective extraction of Pd(II) and Pt(IV) (E% > 99%) from the leach liquors of automotive catalysts containing Pd(II), Pt(IV), Rh(III), La(III), Ce(III), Y(III), Zr(IV), Ba(II), and Al(III) in HCl media. The effective stripping of Pd(II) and Pt(IV) was achieved from an extracted organic phase containing 6 using 0.5 M thiourea in 1.0 M HCl. In addition, 6 was reusable and exhibited a high E% for Pd(II) and Pt(IV) (>96%) after five extraction cycles, indicating potential usefulness for the selective recovery of Pd(II) and Pt(IV) from leachates in platinum group metal refineries.

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Palladium(II) Recovery from Hydrochloric Acid Solutions by N,N′-Dimethyl-N,N′-Dibutylthiodiglycolamide

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Recycling of Palladium from Spent Catalysts Using Solvent Extraction—Some Critical Points

Recycling of Palladium from Spent Catalysts Using Solvent Extraction—Some Critical Points

Chelating Extractants for Metals

Thiodiphenol-Based n-Dialkylamino Extractants for Selective Platinum Group Metal Separation from Automotive Catalysts

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