Palladium metal nanoparticles stabilized by ionophilic ligands in ionic liquids: synthesis and application in hydrogenation reactions

Leal, Bárbara C.; Consorti, Crestina S.; Machado, Giovanna; Dupont, Jaı̈rton

doi:10.1039/c4cy01116c

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Indeed, nanoparticles can be easily prepared in ILs via diverse chemical reactions, e.g., by simple reduction or decomposition of transition metal compounds dissolved in ILs. Over the last few years, various types of nanoparticles have been prepared in ILs including monometallic and bimetallic particles (e.g., Pd [3], Pt [5], Au, Ag [6], Fe [7], Ru [7], Os [7], Ir [8], Rh [8], Co [8,9], Cr [10], Mo [10], W [10], Cu/Zn [11], Ni/Ga [12], Ru/Cu [13], Ru/Fe [14]) and nanoparticle metal oxides (e.g., Fe 3 O 4 [15], CoFe 2 O 4 [15a], or CeO 2 [16]). The shape-regulating effect of ILs in nanoparticle synthesis has also been reported, e.g., for Co nanocubes [17], and Au nanorods [18], nanoprisms [19], or nanoplates [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high synthetic flexibility allows for tuning of their physicochemical properties (e.g., with respect to viscosity, polarity and miscibility with traditional aqueous and organic solvents) by the suitable choice of cation and anion as well as the length of the alkyl side chains on the heterocyclic ring [1]. Several major strategies have been pursued for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles in ILs including 1) the application of ILs as solvents in addition to auxiliary conventional ligands (i.e., analogous to particle synthesis in conventional reaction media) [2], 2) the use of ionophilic ligands modified by introduction of P-, N-, S-or O-containing functional groups [3], and 3) the direct exploitation of ionic charges, high dielectric constants, and supramolecular structures of unmodified ILs for synthesizing and dispersing nanoparticles [4]. Indeed, nanoparticles can be easily prepared in ILs via diverse chemical reactions, e.g., by simple reduction or decomposition of transition metal compounds dissolved in ILs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionic Liquids as Size‐ and Shape‐Regulating Solvents for the Synthesis of Cobalt Nanoparticles

Essig

Behrens

2015

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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Over the last few years, ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as an important class of reaction media for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The formation and stabilization of nanoparticles was investigated in different ILs to elucidate the effect of the chemical nature of the IL anion, cation and alkyl side chain of the imidazolium. In this context, Co 2 (CO) 8 was employed as a precursor and thermally decomposed to the metallic cobalt nanoparticles in a series of selected ILs, where either the IL cation or anion was varied while keeping all of the other parameters constant. The results show that both the molecular volume of the anion and cation and the steric configuration are important aspects to control the formation and stability of nanoparticles in ILs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids as Size‐ and Shape‐Regulating Solvents for the Synthesis of Cobalt Nanoparticles

Essig

Behrens

2015

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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“…Chemicals were treated as follows: toluene distilled from Na/benzophenone, [RuH 2 (CO)(PPh 3 ) 3 ], [RhCl(PPh 3 ) 3 ], and [PdCl 2 (NCPh) 2 ] from Aldrich, acetone- d 6 and CDCl 3 (Cambridge Isotope) and other solvents were used as received. [RuHCl(CO)(PPh 3 ) 3 ], 45 ILs (BMI·PF 6 , BMI·BF 4 , and BMI·NTf 2 ), 46 L1 , 47 L2 , 47 and L3 (48) were synthesized according to literature procedures. Gas chromatography (GC) analyses were performed using a Shimadzu GC-2010 instrument equipped with a capillary column RTx-50 (30 m; 0.25 mm i.d.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ru-Catalyzed Estragole Isomerization under Homogeneous and Ionic Liquid Biphasic Conditions

et al. 2017

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The isomerization of estragole to trans-anethole is an important reaction and is industrially performed using an excess of NaOH or KOH in ethanol at high temperatures with very low selectivity. Simple Ru-based transition-metal complexes, under homogeneous, ionic liquid (IL)-supported (biphasic) and “solventless” conditions, can be used for this reaction. The selectivity of this reaction is more sensitive to the solvent/support used than the ligands associated with the metal catalyst. Thus, under the optimized reaction conditions, 100% conversion can be achieved in the estragole isomerization, using as little as 4 × 10–3 mol % (40 ppm) of [RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3] in toluene, reflecting a total turnover number (TON) of 25 000 and turnover frequencies (TOFs) of up to 500 min–1 at 80 °C. Using a dimeric Ru precursor, [RuCl(μ-Cl)(η3:η3-C10H16)]2, in ethanol associated with P(OEt)3, a TON of 10 000 and a TOF of 125 min–1 are obtained with 100% conversion and 99% selectivity. These two Ru catalytic systems can be transposed to biphasic IL systems by using ionic-tagged P-ligands such as 1-(3-(diphenylphosphanyl)propyl)-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide immobilized in 1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide with up to 99% selectivity and almost complete estragole conversion. However, the reaction is much slower than that performed under solventless or homogeneous conditions. The use of ionic-tagged ligands significantly reduces the Ru leaching to the organic phase, compared to that in reactions performed under homogeneous conditions, where the catalytic system loses catalytic performance after the second recycling. Detailed kinetic investigations of the reaction catalyzed by [RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3] indicate that a simplified kinetic model (a monomolecular reversible first-order reaction) is adequate for fitting the homogeneous reaction at 80 °C and under biphasic conditions. However, the kinetics of the reaction are better described if all of the elementary steps are taken into consideration, especially at 40 °C.

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“…In addition, ILs have a wide liquid range, a negligible vapor pressure, and a large solubility for different substances, which also make them be the excellent media for various catalytic reactions . NPs@IL systems have been extensively applied in various catalytic reactions with excellent stability and activity, such as the olefin hydrogenation, biomass conversion, alcohol oxidation, electrochemical reaction . In addition, the remarkable dissolving capacity of ILs for gases, organic compounds, and polymers can sometimes activate substrates and thus improve the catalytic efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal nanoparticles in ionic liquid‐cosolvent biphasic systems as active catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination

Yang

et al. 2018

AIChE Journal

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Ionic liquid (IL)‐stabilized metal nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted increased attention as novel catalysts for various reactions due to their excellent stability and high activity. However, the high viscosity of ILs limits their applications. Here, for the first time, we reported an NPs@IL‐cosolvent liquid–liquid biphasic system for metal NPs catalysis. The NPs were successfully confined to IL phase, and abundant IL droplets containing NPs were generated under the reactant flow. The NPs@IL droplets served as microreactors for the catalysis; while the low viscosity organic phase enabled the rapid mass transfer of substances. The biphasic system exhibited improved performance for acetylene hydrochlorination than that of the pure IL system. An acetylene conversion of 98% and a selectivity of 99.5% were achieved along with a 90% decrease on IL usage. The tolerable gas hourly space velocity in the biphasic system for a satisfactory conversion was almost double that of the pure IL system. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2536–2544, 2018

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Palladium metal nanoparticles stabilized by ionophilic ligands in ionic liquids: synthesis and application in hydrogenation reactions

Abstract: The selectivity of the hydrogenation of 1,3-cyclohexadiene and 2-pentyne by Pd nanoparticles in an ionic liquid can be modulated by the addition of N- or P-containing ionophilic ligands.

Cited by 37 publications

References 33 publications

Ionic Liquids as Size‐ and Shape‐Regulating Solvents for the Synthesis of Cobalt Nanoparticles

Ionic Liquids as Size‐ and Shape‐Regulating Solvents for the Synthesis of Cobalt Nanoparticles

Ru-Catalyzed Estragole Isomerization under Homogeneous and Ionic Liquid Biphasic Conditions

Metal nanoparticles in ionic liquid‐cosolvent biphasic systems as active catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination

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