Palladium supported on metal–organic framework as a catalyst for the hydrogenation of nitroarenes under mild conditions

Abstract

Sustainable development demands an environmentally friendly and efficient method for the hydrogenation of organic molecules, including the hydrogenation of functionalized nitroarenes. In this study, a highly active and selective metal–organic framework‐supported palladium catalyst was prepared for the catalytic hydrogenation of nitroarenes. High selectivity (>99%) and excellent yield (98%) of aniline were realized after 2 hours in ethanol under hydrogen (1 atm) at room temperature. The reductions were successfully carried out in the presence of a wide range of other reducible functional groups. More importantly, the catalyst was very stable without the loss of its catalytic activity after five cycles.

Robust Ruthenium Phosphide Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Sulfur-Containing Nitroarenes

“…However, these attempts resulted in side reactions such as desulfurization, dearomatization, and C–S bond cleavage. − Nevertheless, some studies have reported the use of sulfur-tolerant catalysts for the hydrogenation of sulfur-containing nitroarenes. Pd nanoparticles (NPs) doped or alloyed with other elements, such as Zn, S, and P, have been reported as active catalysts; however, they require harsh reaction conditions (H 2 > 30 bar). ,,− Other reports only focused on a simple sulfur-containing nitroarene, p -nitrothioanisole, and the applicability of the catalysts for more complex sulfur-containing nitroarenes was not investigated. − Consequently, the development of highly active and robust catalysts for the hydrogenation of sulfur-containing nitroarenes remains a challenge.…”

Hyperbranched polymer immobilized palladium nanoparticles as an efficient and reusable catalyst for cyanation of aryl halides and reduction of nitroarenes

“…Compared to classic methods such as Bechamp reduction [13] which are time consuming, and reactions conducted in harsh acidic conditions producing large amounts of waste, catalytic hydrogenation using transition metals catalyst is highly clean, efficient and compatible with industrial applications. Among different metals used for reduction of nitro groups, Pd catalysts catalyze this reaction very efficiently with the formation of fewer byproducts [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Continuous and Selective Hydrogenation of Heterocyclic Nitroaromatics in a Micropacked Bed Reactor

“…First, the slow gas−liquid−solid mass transfer rate in batch reactors results in a long reaction time and relatively low efficiency. 25 For instance, Bao et al 26 utilized palladium supported on a metal− organic framework as a catalyst for the hydrogenation of 5nitroisoquinoline. The yield of 5-aminoisoquinoline (90%) was obtained with a reaction time of 3 h and more than 5% 5nitroisoquinoline was detected in the product, indicating low reaction efficiency.…”