Palladium Supported on Titanium Carbide: A Highly Efficient, Durable, and Recyclable Bifunctional Catalyst for the Transformation of 4-Chlorophenol and 4-Nitrophenol

Abstract

Developing highly efficient and recyclable catalysts for the transformation of toxic organic contaminates still remains a challenge. Herein, Titanium Carbide (Ti3C2) MXene modified by alkali treatment process was selected as a support (designated as alk-Ti3C2X2, where X represents the surface terminations) for the synthesis of Pd/alk-Ti3C2X2. Results show that the alkali treatment leads to the increase of surface area and surface oxygen-containing groups of Ti3C2X2, thereby facilitating the dispersion and stabilization of Pd species on the surface of alk-Ti3C2X2. The Pd/alk-Ti3C2X2 catalyst shows excellent catalytic activity for the hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorophenol and the hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol in aqueous solution at 25 °C and hydrogen balloon pressure. High initial reaction rates of 216.6 and 126.3 min−1·gpd−1 are observed for the hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorophenol and hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol, respectively. Most importantly, Pd/alk-Ti3C2X2 exhibits excellent stability and recyclability in both reactions without any promoters. The superior property of Pd/alk-Ti3C2X2 makes it as a potential material for practical applications.

Palladium Dimer Supported on Mo2CO2(MXene) for Direct Methane to Methanol Conversion

“…2D materials have been extensively investigated as substrates for metal nanoparticles exhibiting extraordinary catalytic activity toward various chemical reactions. [30][31][32][33][34][35] For example, Ag, Pt, and Pd@MXene Hybrids of superior stability are successfully synthesized with wide application in electrochemistry. A is an A-group element, and X is either carbon and/or nitrogen), and show great potential in the application as a substrate due to their excellent chemical stability and adjustable surface properties.…”

“…[24,26,27] Currently, a new family of 2D early transitionmetal carbides (MXenes) is synthesized by selectively etching an element from the MAX phases (M n+1 AX n , where n = 1 to 3, M is an early transition metal. [33,36,37] In the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate, MXene─Cu 2 O exhibits more excellent catalytic performance than MXene and Cu 2 O alone. [30][31][32][33][34][35] For example, Ag, Pt, and Pd@MXene Hybrids of superior stability are successfully synthesized with wide application in electrochemistry.…”

“…Currently, a new family of 2D early transition‐metal carbides (MXenes) is synthesized by selectively etching an element from the MAX phases (M n+1 AX n , where n = 1 to 3, M is an early transition metal. A is an A‐group element, and X is either carbon and/or nitrogen), and show great potential in the application as a substrate due to their excellent chemical stability and adjustable surface properties . For example, Ag, Pt, and Pd@MXene Hybrids of superior stability are successfully synthesized with wide application in electrochemistry .…”

“…A is an A‐group element, and X is either carbon and/or nitrogen), and show great potential in the application as a substrate due to their excellent chemical stability and adjustable surface properties . For example, Ag, Pt, and Pd@MXene Hybrids of superior stability are successfully synthesized with wide application in electrochemistry . In the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate, MXene─Cu 2 O exhibits more excellent catalytic performance than MXene and Cu 2 O alone .…”

Assessing the usefulness of transition metal carbides for hydrogenation reactions

“…Transition Metal Carbides (TMCs) have been attracting much interest in the last decades for diverse technological applications in many fields, including heterogeneous catalysis, solid state chemistry, and materials science. [1][2][3][4][5] A primary reason for this attention is the unique combination of physicochemical properties arising from the different degrees of ionic/covalent/metallic bonding exhibited in TMCs. In addition, some TMCs display catalytic activities similar or even better than those of noble and Pt-group metals 6 for a considerable number of reactions including alkene hydrogenation, 4,7 ammonia synthesis via the Haber-Bosch process, 8 the water gas shift reaction, 9 methanol synthesis from CO 2 , 10 fossil fuel refinement, 11 and the production of other diverse chemicals compounds.…”