Palm Kernel Shell as Potential Fuel for Syngas Production

Umar, Hadiza A.; Sulaiman, Shaharin Anwar; Said, Mohd Ismid Mohd; Ahmad, Rohiza

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-5753-8_25

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the first stage, known as the preheating stage (moisture evaporation) phase, passive pyrolysis of the biomass occurred at about 85-120 o C, resulting in drying and decomposition of a low quantity of volatile components. Occurred due to the emission of free water and chemically bonded water known as the water constitution (Umar et al, 2021), which was extended up to a temperature of 180 o C. Approximately 1-3% weight loss was recorded, similar to what (Umar et al, 2021) reported for lignocellulose biomass. The fluctuations of the TG curve were due to the biomass utilized to carry out the experimental runs, which had been oven-dried and possessed low moisture content (Akinola and Fapetu, 2015).…”

Section: Thermogravimetry Analysis (Tga)supporting

confidence: 74%

“…Results obtained from lemon grass is fairly higher than 17.7MJ/kg reported by Gravalos et al (2016) for plant leaves/weeds. The increase in the HHV and LHV of shea butter wood, obeche wood and palm kernel shell were attributed to their high fixed carbon (FC) and carbon contents which is the primary source of heat (Kpola et al, 2021;Umar and Sulaiman et al, 2021;Sawadogo et al, 2018). While the decrease in HHV and LHV recorded for corncobs resulted from their high ash and moisture contents (Akinola and Fapetu, 2015;Oladejo et al, 2020).…”

Section: Heating Value Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterization of Lignocellulosic Biomass Samples in Omu-Aran Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria, as Potential Fuel for Pyrolysis Yields

Onokwai

Okokpujie

Ajisegiri

et al. 2022

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study deals with a preliminary investigation of biomass samples' physicochemical, structural composition, and thermal properties to aid the appropriate selection of biomass utilized for pyrolysis operation. The proximate, ultimate, structural composition and thermal analyses were conducted using seven lignocellulose biomass samples obtained in Ajase market, Ajasse Ipo, Kwara State, Nigeria, and Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria. Results showed that the average moisture contents (MC) ranged from 0.12 to 0.44%, and volatile matter (VM) ranged from 73.70 to 83.82%. Fixed carbon (FC) varied from 12.79 to 22.80%, and Ash contents varied between 01.20 to 5.52%. Similarly, the average carbon contents ranged from 45.11 to 50.00%. Hydrogen contents ranged from 5.38 to 6.15%, nitrogen contents varied between 0.20 to 1.24%, and oxygen contents from 43.79 to 48.51%. Also, sulphur contents varied between 0.01 to 0.19%, while the biomass species' average cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents ranged from 28.34 to 45.80%, 25.83 to 34.01%, and 21.96 to 49.63% respectively. The high percentage of VM, C, H, HHV, ignitability index, cellulose, and hemicellulose content recorded in the biomass samples would enhance devolatilization reactivity, ignitability, and burn gases in the reactor, as well as a good production of hydrocarbons content during the pyrolysis process. Also, the low ash content would prevent harmful chemical deposits in the reactor during the pyrolysis process. It can be deduced that shea butter wood was best suited for biofuel generation, closely followed by sugarcane bagasse and palm kernel shell. At the same time, corn cobs possessed the least properties for the pyrolysis process.

show abstract

Section: Thermogravimetry Analysis (Tga)supporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Heating Value Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Lignocellulosic Biomass Samples in Omu-Aran Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria, as Potential Fuel for Pyrolysis Yields

Onokwai

Okokpujie

Ajisegiri

et al. 2022

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the thermochemical conversion of oil palm biomass through gasification faces ash deposition issues [13] which affects the end product quality, reduces biomass gasification efficiency and cut short equipment lifespan. Oil palm biomass i.e., PODC, oil palm fronds, oil palm trunk are good source of energy as they possess high calorific value [12,14]. According to [13], ash deposition in biomass gasification is as a result of the presence of Alkali metals and Chlorine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Processes and Clean Energy Transition

2023

Materials Research Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Proper and effective utilization of biomass wastes, couple with efficient conversion into useful energy have made the study of biomass wastes and finding solution to ash deposition during thermal conversion crucial. In this work, Alum Sludge (AS) was used to regulate ash deposition in Palm Oil Decanter cake (PODC). AS and PODC were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Advance X-ray diffractometer (XRD) while Ash fusion test (AFT) was used to determine the ash fusion temperature. SEM-EDS revealed the presence of Aluminum (13.50 wt%), Potassium (1.46 wt%), Iron (2.43 wt%) and Silicon (14.95 wt%) in AS while Potassium (1.19 wt%), Silicon (1.41 wt%), Calcium (2.16 wt%) and Chlorine (0.67 wt%) in PODC. TGA revealed that fixed carbon, volatile matter and ash content in AS are 8.94 wt%, 3.60 wt% and 86.72 wt% while PODC are 7.13 wt%, 51.84 wt% and 38.15 respectively. The total weight loss of AS and PODC was 13.29% and 61.86% respectively. XRD revealed the presence of Kaolinite and Quartz/ Zeolite in AS while Whewellite, Quartz, Potassium Chloride in PODC. AFT revealed 1215℃ and above 1400℃ as the sintering temperature for PODC and AS respectively. At 50% and above of AS addition, low slagging tendency of PODC was attained. This study provides a new insight on how AS and PODC wastes can be properly managed and utilized in clean energy production.

show abstract

“…Fossil fuel utilisation to catch up with this energy demand continuously generates problems of atmospheric pollution, global warming, ozone layer depletion and climate change, among others 3,4) . Hence, it is noticed that increasing interest in the reduction of greenhouse gasses and fossil fuel usage has triggered research on renewable energy sources 5,6) . Among these energy sources, biomass energy conversion seems to be the best as it is capable of supplying energy in solid form (bio char), liquid form (bio-oil), and gas (producer/ syngas) which are potential feedstock for the production of chemicals like methanol and ethanol 7,8) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Outlook on Tar Abatement, Carbon Capture and its Utilization for a Clean Gasification Process

Umar¹,

Sulaiman²,

Majid³

et al. 2021

Evergreen

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The generation of syngas via gasification is accompanied by greenhouse gas emissions and certain impurities like tar. This is the major problem that makes the technology unattractive for commercialisation. Tar content present in the syngas limits its application as it causes damage to engines, while the CO2 that accompanies it adds to the climate issues when released to the atmosphere. In this short review, an overview of techniques used for tar abatement, CO2 capturing, and potential areas of CO2 utilisation were discussed.

show abstract

Palm Kernel Shell as Potential Fuel for Syngas Production

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Characterization of Lignocellulosic Biomass Samples in Omu-Aran Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria, as Potential Fuel for Pyrolysis Yields

Characterization of Lignocellulosic Biomass Samples in Omu-Aran Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria, as Potential Fuel for Pyrolysis Yields

Sustainable Processes and Clean Energy Transition

An Outlook on Tar Abatement, Carbon Capture and its Utilization for a Clean Gasification Process

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About