Palynological and organic geochemical studies of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous successions, Western Desert, Egypt: Implications for paleoenvironment and hydrocarbon source rock potential

Atfy, Haytham El; Ghassal, Bandar I.; Maher, Ahmed; Hosny, Atef M.; Mostafa, Azza A.; Littke, Ralf

doi:10.1016/j.coal.2019.05.014

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Phosphorus compounds are important macronutrient for promoting the growth of phytoplankton due to the creating energy for cells in the photosynthesis process. It can be stored in large amounts in phytoplankton and rapidly compensate during the shortage of phosphorus in water sources [ 40 ] resulted the growth of plants without interruption [ 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of minerals and oxide compounds in sediment collected from blood cockle culture areas at Bandon Bay, Thailand

Jaowatana,

Yalçinkaya,

Satapornvanit

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Bandon Bay is a very fertile bay for coastal aquaculture, especially for blood cockles (Anadara granosa). Its structural pattern supports the flow of nutrients which directly sent from many rivers resulted the high production capacity of blood cockle at the top level in the country. Besides organic compounds present in sediment, inorganic substances are essential for growth, survival and shell development of blood cockles. A comparative study of minerals and oxide compounds which accumulated in the sediments at eight stations around the cockle culture area was conducted. These stations are located along the estuaries at Tha Thong, Tha Chang, Phum Riang, and Tapi. The proportion of oxide compounds were determinedusing X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) technique and minerals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Results showed that sediment characteristics, oxide composition and the amount of minerals among the stations are different from each other. The sediments of the eastern and the western coasts were characterized as crumble clay and muddy sand, respectively. Twelve types of oxide compounds, namely SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O, Cl, MgO, Na2O, SO3, CaO, TiO2, MnO, P2O5 were found in various quantities, with SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 were the fundamental minerals ranging from 85.64–90.82%. Tha Thong estuary in the east coast showed highly significant quantities (P<0.05) of potassium, calcium and manganese compared to the other estuaries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of minerals and oxide compounds in sediment collected from blood cockle culture areas at Bandon Bay, Thailand

Jaowatana,

Yalçinkaya,

Satapornvanit

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…Several graphical methods can be used for kerogen type recognition. Modified van Kreveln diagram (Hunt, 1996; Figure 7a), HI versus T max cross‐plot (Figure 7b), and S2 versus TOC cross‐plot (Figure 7c) are commonly used to classify the organic‐rich rocks (e.g., Deaf & Tahoun, 2018; El Atfy et al, 2019; Mansour, Gentzis, Carvajal‐Ortiz, et al, 2020). In the studied rock units, samples from the Bahariya and Kharita formations are characterized by HI and OI that are ranging 51–122 mg HC/g TOC and 15–131 mg CO 2 /g TOC in the Bahariya Formation and 50–130 mg HC/g TOC and 11–160 mg CO 2 /g TOC in the Kharita Formation, respectively (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several fields in the AG Basin are corresponding to three NE–SW oriented main inversion anticlines namely, the Mid‐Basin Arch, the AG Anticline, and the Mubarak High that are controlled mainly by the inversion of the pre‐existing rift faults (e.g., El Gazzar et al, 2016). Their Middle‐Late Cretaceous section was assessed geochemically from their organic richness, kerogen type, and thermal maturity viewpoints (e.g., Bayoumi, 1996; Felesteen, 1998; Khaled, 1999; Ahmed, 2008; Bakr, 2009; Maky et al, 2009; El Nady, 2016; Abd‐Allah et al, 2018; Deaf & Tahoun, 2018; Ghassal et al, 2018; El Atfy et al, 2019; Gentzis et al, 2019; Mansour, Gentzis, Carvajal‐Ortiz, et al, 2020). Although each of the Middle‐Late Cretaceous rock units are composed of generally homogenous lithology, some studies revealed different interpretations that could be attributed to significant spatiotemporal variations in their stratigraphy and their organic carbon content and organic matter type across the AG Basin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petroleum generation modelling of theMiddle‐LateCretaceous sediments in the Abu Gharadig Field, Northwestern Desert, Egypt

et al. 2022

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The present work introduces an integral study concerning the Middle‐Late Cretaceous source rocks in Abu Gharadig (AG) Field utilizing source rock evaluation techniques and hydrocarbon generation modelling. The used methods include TOC%, Rock‐Eval pyrolysis, vitrinite reflectance (Ro%), and 1D basin modelling data. Our results show that most of the studied marine Middle‐Late Cretaceous intervals in AG Field are considerable as source rocks, excluding the Abu Roash A‐D members. The Kharita, Bahariya, and Abu Roash E & G intervals have mainly gas‐prone kerogen. The Abu Roash F and Khoman B members contain mixed kerogen type II/III with oil/gas‐prone generative potential. Khoman A member has marine type II kerogen with mainly oil‐ and minor gas‐prone generative potential. Among the Middle‐Late Cretaceous rock units, the Khoman Formation is either immature or early mature, whereas others are mature enough to generate hydrocarbons. The burial history models typify a high subsidence rate during the deposition of Kharita, Bahariya, and Abu Roash formations in response to the Tethyan rifting phase. The timing of the peak of oil generation window for the Abu Roash G interval is ranged as Late Oligocene‐Early Pliocene time. Moreover, the timing of the peak of oil generation for the Abu Roash F interval is ranged as Early Miocene‐Latest Miocene. Based on transformation ratios (TR), the Abu Roash F member demonstrates a limited hydrocarbon expulsion (25% > TR <50), whereas both Abu Roash G and Khoman B members can generate in‐situ hydrocarbon (TR ≤10%). Compiling data along the AG basin from previous works infers that there are spatial and temporal discrepancies in organics composition and thermal maturity of the Middle‐Late Cretaceous intervals. Changes in paleoclimate, eustatic, and basin tectonics can be considered as the primary drivers that triggered such spatiotemporal variation. Integrated approaches are needed to constrain the multi‐geospheric interactions of major Cretaceous anoxic events in the Northwestern Desert of Egypt, and to explore the driving forces on these organics‐accumulating events.

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“…The geological history of these basins reveals their significance as reservoirs and exploration targets for hydrocarbon resources. The sedimentary infill within the Abu Gharadig Basin encompasses a wide temporal span, ranging from the Late Jurassic to the Miocene (Abdel-Fattah et al, 2023;Bakr et al, 2023;El Atfy et al, 2023). This interval represents a substantial period of geological time during which various rock formations and hydrocarbon-rich layers were deposited.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated analysis of source rock evaluation and basin modelling in the Abu Gharadig Basin, Western Desert, Egypt: Insights from pyrolysis data, burial history, and trap characteristics

Reda,

Abdel‐Fattah,

Fathy

et al. 2024

Geological Journal

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Source rock evaluation and basin modelling play crucial roles in understanding hydrocarbon potential. In this study, pyrolysis data from 92 shale ditch samples were employed to assess the source rocks in the Abu Gharadig Basin (Western Desert, Egypt). The organic richness ranged from 0.53% to 4.1% by weight, indicating varying hydrocarbon‐generating capabilities. Specifically, kerogen types II and III exhibited the potential to generate hydrocarbons, ranging from fair to good oil sources. The burial history analysis provided insights into the sedimentation and subsidence rates during different geological periods. The Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous period witnessed modest rates of sedimentation and subsidence. In contrast, the Oligocene and Late Miocene periods experienced medium burial rates, while the Late Cretaceous‐Early Tertiary period exhibited high burial rates. Specific formations were examined in detail, with the Apollonia Formation standing out as a significant hydrocarbon reservoir. It entered the early oil window at approximately 17.87 Ma and the wet gas window at about 17.41 Ma in the ASSIL‐1X well. However, it didn't reach the GPAA‐4 well. The Abu Roash ‘D’ member also showed promise, entering the early oil window at 38.20 and 47.38 Ma, and the wet gas window at 37.40 and 43.64 Ma. Similarly, the Abu Roash ‘F’ member exhibited favourable hydrocarbon generation, entering the early oil window at 39.90 and 54.86 Ma, and the wet gas window at 39.70 and 51.62 Ma in both the ASSIL‐1X and GPAA‐4 wells. Based on the analysis, the Apollonia, Abu Roash ‘D’ and ‘F’ members were identified as source rocks, while the Kharita, ‘C’, ‘E’ and ‘G’ members were recognized as reservoir rocks. The Abu Roash Shale acted as an effective seal rock. The geological structure of the region revealed the presence of NW‐SE normal faults, forming a three‐way dip closure trap. This research substantially enhances our comprehension of the hydrocarbon system within this basin. It achieves this by thoroughly investigating source rock evaluation, basin modelling and delivering invaluable insights into the mechanisms that govern hydrocarbon generation, expulsion and trap age.

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Palynological and organic geochemical studies of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous successions, Western Desert, Egypt: Implications for paleoenvironment and hydrocarbon source rock potential

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Characteristics of minerals and oxide compounds in sediment collected from blood cockle culture areas at Bandon Bay, Thailand

Characteristics of minerals and oxide compounds in sediment collected from blood cockle culture areas at Bandon Bay, Thailand

Petroleum generation modelling of theMiddle‐LateCretaceous sediments in the Abu Gharadig Field, Northwestern Desert, Egypt

Integrated analysis of source rock evaluation and basin modelling in the Abu Gharadig Basin, Western Desert, Egypt: Insights from pyrolysis data, burial history, and trap characteristics

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