Palynological investigation on the Borobudur monument

Thanikaimoni, G.

doi:10.3406/befeo.1983.1458

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Cited by 6 publications

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“…In spite of successive phases of excavation and restoration (1907-1911: under the supervision of Th. Van Erp;1968-1983 conducted by UNESCO), uncertainty continues to surround the palaeoenvironmental context in which this world-class monument was constructed between AD c. 760 and 830 (Miksic, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borobudur monument (Java, Indonesia) stood by a natural lake: chronostratigraphic evidence and historical implications

Murwanto

Gunnell

Suharsono³

et al. 2004

The Holocene

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A HOLOCENE RESEARCH REPORT Abstract: The ninth-century world-heritage Buddhist monument of Borobudur (Java, Indonesia) stands above the floor of a dried-out palaeolake, but it remains uncertain as to whether it was ever constructed on a lake shore. Here we reveal through new chronological and palaeoenvironmental data on the extant sediment record of the area that Borobudur intentionally stood by an existing lake. For the first time, evidence of this conjunction validates quite literally the debated cosmological interpretation of the edifice as an aquatic lotus symbol upon which Buddha is seated. The fluctuating life history of the lake spanned at least 20000 years.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%