Palytoxins: A still haunting Hawaiian curse

Ciminiello, Patrizia; Dell’Aversano, Carmela; Fattorusso, Ernesto; Forino, Martino

doi:10.1007/s11101-010-9185-x

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…With the purpose of gaining information about the relative abundance of putative PLTX and ovatoxins in the O. ovata culture, extracted ion chromatograms (XIC) were obtained from the HR full MS experiment by summing the most abundant peaks of both [M+2H–H 2 O]2 + and [M+2H+K]3 + ion clusters for each compound. The resulting chromatographic peak areas were compared to that of a palytoxin standard injected under the same conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Massive blooms of the benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis ovata 1 have recently occurred across the whole Mediterranean basin with serious impacts on human health 2. The first alarming phenomenon occurred in 2005, along the Ligurian coasts (Italy), when, concurrently with an unusual proliferation of O. ovata , hundreds of people required medical attention after exposure to marine aerosol 3.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Complex palytoxin‐like profile of Ostreopsis ovata. Identification of four new ovatoxins by high‐resolution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

Ciminiello

Dell’Aversano

Iacovo

et al. 2010

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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138

170

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Over the past decades, Italian coastlines have been plagued by recurring presence of the benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis ovata. Such an alga has caused severe sanitary emergencies and economic losses due to its production of palytoxin-like compounds. Previous studies have confirmed the presence of ovatoxin-a (OVTX-a) as the major toxin of the algal toxin profile together with small amounts of putative palytoxin (PLTX). In our ongoing research on O. ovata toxins we report herein on in-depth investigation of an O. ovata culture carried out by high-resolution (HR) liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)). Particularly, the presence of putative PLTX and OVTX-a was confirmed and the occurrence in the extract of four new palytoxin-like compounds, OVTX-b, -c, -d, and -e, was highlighted. Elemental formulae have been assigned to the new ovatoxins and information has been gained about their structural features. A quantitative study of the O. ovata culture extract indicated that the whole of the new ovatoxins represents about 46% of the total toxin content and, thus, their presence has to be taken into account when LC/MS-based monitoring programs of either plankton or contaminated seafood are carried out.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex palytoxin‐like profile of Ostreopsis ovata. Identification of four new ovatoxins by high‐resolution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

Ciminiello

Dell’Aversano

Iacovo

et al. 2010

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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138

170

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“…O. cf. ovata is known to produce the toxic compounds putative palytoxin and ovatoxins (a-e) − (Figure S1 in the Supporting Information). Palytoxin is the most potent nonprotein toxin known .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxin-Producing Ostreopsis cf. ovata are Likely to Bloom Undetected along Coastal Areas

Pfannkuchen

Godrijan

Pfannkuchen

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Mass appearances of the toxic dinoflagellate genus Ostreopsis are known to cause dangerous respiratory symptoms in humans exposed to aerosols. The outbreaks can appear in shallow marine waters of temperate regions around the globe. We followed a massive bloom event on a public beach on the northern Adriatic coast near Rovinj, Croatia. We identified the responsible species and the produced toxins as well as the dynamics of the event with respect to environmental conditions. Ostreopsis cf. ovata appeared in masses from September through October 2010 on a public beach near Rovinj, Croatia but stayed undetected by public health organizations. Respiratory symptoms were observed whenever humans were exposed to substrate samples containing large numbers of Ostreopsis cells. During the mass abundance of O. cf. ovata also exposure to the aerosols on the beach evoked respiratory symptoms in humans. Our measurements showed high cell abundances and high toxin contents with a stable relative contribution of putative Palytoxin and Ovatoxins a-e. Artificial beach structures proved to dramatically reduce settling of the observed Ostreopsis biofilm. Blooms like those reported herein have a high potential to happen undetected with a high potential of affecting the health of coastal human populations. Increased monitoring efforts are therefore required to understand the ecology and toxicology of those bloom events and reduce their negative impact on coastal populations.

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“…Most research concerned the toxic aerosols obtained from the red tides of the marine dinoflagellate Karenia brevis with the effects of its Pbtxs being the most studied phenomenon due to high deposition efficiency of its small-sized particles (6–10 µm) [ 342 , 343 , 344 , 345 , 346 , 347 , 348 ]. Marine aerosols can also contain PLTXs, produced by dinoflagellates from the genus Ostreopsis [ 19 , 349 , 350 ] ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Phycotoxins Of Aero-terrestrial Airborne and Extremophilic Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Algal Toxic Compounds and Their Aeroterrestrial, Airborne and other Extremophilic Producers with Attention to Soil and Plant Contamination: A Review

Gärtner

Stoyneva-Gärtner

Uzunov

2021

Toxins

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The review summarizes the available knowledge on toxins and their producers from rather disparate algal assemblages of aeroterrestrial, airborne and other versatile extreme environments (hot springs, deserts, ice, snow, caves, etc.) and on phycotoxins as contaminants of emergent concern in soil and plants. There is a growing body of evidence that algal toxins and their producers occur in all general types of extreme habitats, and cyanobacteria/cyanoprokaryotes dominate in most of them. Altogether, 55 toxigenic algal genera (47 cyanoprokaryotes) were enlisted, and our analysis showed that besides the “standard” toxins, routinely known from different waterbodies (microcystins, nodularins, anatoxins, saxitoxins, cylindrospermopsins, BMAA, etc.), they can produce some specific toxic compounds. Whether the toxic biomolecules are related with the harsh conditions on which algae have to thrive and what is their functional role may be answered by future studies. Therefore, we outline the gaps in knowledge and provide ideas for further research, considering, from one side, the health risk from phycotoxins on the background of the global warming and eutrophication and, from the other side, the current surge of interest which phycotoxins provoke due to their potential as novel compounds in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics, bioremediation, agriculture and all aspects of biotechnological implications in human life.

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Palytoxins: A still haunting Hawaiian curse

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

Complex palytoxin‐like profile of Ostreopsis ovata. Identification of four new ovatoxins by high‐resolution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

Complex palytoxin‐like profile of Ostreopsis ovata. Identification of four new ovatoxins by high‐resolution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

Toxin-Producing Ostreopsis cf. ovata are Likely to Bloom Undetected along Coastal Areas

Algal Toxic Compounds and Their Aeroterrestrial, Airborne and other Extremophilic Producers with Attention to Soil and Plant Contamination: A Review

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