PAMAM dendrimers — diverse biomedical applications. Facts and unresolved questions

Łabieniec, Magdalena; Watała, Cezary

doi:10.2478/s11535-009-0056-7

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…In the in vivo studies in mice and rats, it has been found that PAMAM is cytotoxic in a size-dependent fashion, with larger generations being more toxic. 31 Other properties affecting toxicity are charge (anionic PAMAM is less toxic than cationic), and surface modification with other groups, such as PEG (polyethylene glycol) or sugars. 32 PEGylation/glycosylation of PAMAM yields dendrimers with much lower toxicity profiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Synthesis of Sialic Acid-PAMAM Glycodendrimers without the Use of Sugar Protecting Groups, and the Anti-HIV-1 Properties of These Compounds

et al. 2011

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A study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of synthesizing six sialic acid-PAMAM glycodendrimers using unprotected sialic acid in as few as 1-4 steps using two different reaction pathways, and to assess the sulfated derivatives for anti-HIV activity. The syntheses were accomplished through either the direct attachment of the sialic acid carboxyl group to amine-terminated PAMAM (a divergent-like approach) using BOP coupling, or by first reacting sialic acid with a polar bifunctional spacer molecule, attaching the sugar-linker to carboxy-terminated PAMAM (a convergent-like approach), and again using BOP-mediated coupling reactions. It was hypothesized that the latter approach would be the most successful method, as any steric congestion between the sialic acid and the PAMAM would be minimized using an intervening polar linker. However, the divergent-like synthesis proved to be the superior method, resulting in 11.4, 14, and 28% of the fully substituted generations 0, 1 and 2 sialic acid-PAMAM conjugates, respectively, as compared to 6.4% of only the generation -0.5 sialic acid-linker-PAMAM conjugate for the convergent-like method. Upon sulfation of the four glycodendrimers, binding capabilities to the recombinant HIV protein, gp120, were assessed using an ELISA assay. Compounds that showed promising binding characteristics were then further assessed for inhibition of HIV-1 infection using a well-characterized luciferase reporter gene neutralization assay. The generation 2 sulfated sialic acid-PAMAM glycodendrimer, sulfo-6, bearing 16 sialic acids with 11 sulfate groups incorporated at 4.03% sulfur content by weight, was found to inhibit all four HIV-1 strains tested in the low μM range.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Synthesis of Sialic Acid-PAMAM Glycodendrimers without the Use of Sugar Protecting Groups, and the Anti-HIV-1 Properties of These Compounds

et al. 2011

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“…3,4 Much attention was drawn to the study of their fate in mammalian tissues, and the current state of the art was extensively reviewed. [5][6][7][8][9] Dendrimer biological properties are dependent on the chemistry of the core but are most strongly influenced by the nature of its surface. The biocompatibility and toxicity of dendrimers are found to be generation-dependent, with higher generations being the most toxic.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro cytotoxicity of the ternary PAMAM G3–pyridoxal–biotin bioconjugate

Uram

Szuster

Gargasz

et al. 2013

IJN

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A third-generation polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM G3) was used as a macromolecular carrier for pyridoxal and biotin. The binary covalent bioconjugate of G3, with nine molecules of biotin per one molecule of G3 (G3 9B ), and the ternary covalent bioconjugate of G3, with nine biotin and ten pyridoxal molecules (G3 9B10P ), were synthesized. The biotin and pyridoxal residues of the bioconjugate were available for carboxylase and transaminase enzymes, as demonstrated in the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate and alanine to pyruvate, respectively, by in vitro monitoring of the reactions, using 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The toxicity of the ternary bioconjugate (BC-PAMAM) was studied in vitro on BJ human normal skin fibroblasts and human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-15) cell cultures in comparison with PAMAM G3, using three cytotoxicity assays (XTT, neutral red, and crystal violet) and an estimation of apoptosis by confocal microscopy detection. The tests have shown that BC-PAMAM has significantly lower cytotoxicity compared with PAMAM. Nonconjugated PAMAM was not cytotoxic at concentrations up to 5 μM (NR) and 10 μM (XTT), and BC-PAMAM was not cytotoxic up to 50 μM (both assays) for both cell lines. It has been also found that normal fibroblasts were more sensitive than SCC to both PAMAM and BC-PAMAM. The effect of PAMAM and BC-PAMAM on the initiation of apoptosis (PAMAM in fibroblasts at 5 μM and BC-PAMAM at 10 μM in both cell lines) corresponded with cytotoxicity assays for both cell lines. We concluded that normal fibroblasts are more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of the PAMAM G3 dendrimer and that modification of its surface cationic groups by substitution with biologically active molecules significantly decreases that effect, confirming that PAMAM G3 is a useful candidate as a carrier for active biocompound delivery.

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“…64 Native PAMAM dendrimers have primary amines at their surface and tertiary and secondary (amides) amines in their interior. At the physiological pH, these dendrimers are positively charged and can interact with anionic molecules.…”

Section: 63mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene delivery using dendrimer/pDNA complexes immobilized in electrospun fibers using the Layer-by-Layer technique

et al. 2016

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PAMAM dendrimers — diverse biomedical applications. Facts and unresolved questions

Cited by 42 publications

References 77 publications

Evaluation of the Synthesis of Sialic Acid-PAMAM Glycodendrimers without the Use of Sugar Protecting Groups, and the Anti-HIV-1 Properties of These Compounds

Evaluation of the Synthesis of Sialic Acid-PAMAM Glycodendrimers without the Use of Sugar Protecting Groups, and the Anti-HIV-1 Properties of These Compounds

In vitro cytotoxicity of the ternary PAMAM G3–pyridoxal–biotin bioconjugate

Gene delivery using dendrimer/pDNA complexes immobilized in electrospun fibers using the Layer-by-Layer technique

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PAMAM dendrimers — diverse biomedical applications. Facts and unresolved questions

Cited by 42 publications

References 77 publications

Evaluation of the Synthesis of Sialic Acid-PAMAM Glycodendrimers without the Use of Sugar Protecting Groups, and the Anti-HIV-1 Properties of These Compounds

Evaluation of the Synthesis of Sialic Acid-PAMAM Glycodendrimers without the Use of Sugar Protecting Groups, and the Anti-HIV-1 Properties of These Compounds

In vitro cytotoxicity of the ternary PAMAM G3&ndash;pyridoxal&ndash;biotin bioconjugate

Gene delivery using dendrimer/pDNA complexes immobilized in electrospun fibers using the Layer-by-Layer technique

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In vitro cytotoxicity of the ternary PAMAM G3–pyridoxal–biotin bioconjugate