PAMAS—power aware multi-access protocol with signalling for ad hoc networks

Abstract

In this paper we develop a new multiaccess protocol for ad hoc radio networks. The protocol is based on the original MACA protocol with the adition of a separate signalling channel. The unique feature of our protocol is that it conserves battery power at nodes by intelligently powering off nodes that are not actively transmitting or receiving packets. The manner in which nodes power themselves off does not influence the delay or throughput characteristics of our protocol. We illustrate the power conserving behavior of PAMAS via extensive simulations performed over ad hoc networks containing 10-20 nodes. Our results indicate that power savings of between 10% and 70% are attainable in most systems. Finally, we discuss how the idea of power awareness can be built into other multiaccess protocols as well.

Complexity in geometric SINR

“…This assumption is also referred to as uniform power assignment scheme [12]. This kind of power assignment has been widely adopted in practical systems and has been studied in depth in [33].…”

Condition-Based Maintenance

“…Ye et al in [49] has proposed S-MAC, a contention based protocol which sets radio to sleep during transmissions of other nodes. It is inspired from PAMAS [42], another contention based protocol in which nodes sleep to avoid overhearing from neighboring nodes. PAMAS however utilizes out-of-channel signaling, in contrast to in-channel-signaling used by S-MAC.…”

“…In order to design good protocols, it is important to understand the parameters that are relevant to sensor applications [14] With most of the research efforts targeting on applications like habitat monitoring [28], area monitoring [29], surveillance [50], etc, environmental sensing and processing remains the principle stimulant in evolution of sensor networks. Many of the protocol architectures, viz., S-MAC [49], PAMAS [42], T-MAC [9], ER-MAC [18], are designed for applications where data is acquired only when an interesting event occurs or when prompted by user. In contrast to this, we have focussed on applications requiring turn wise, continuous, periodic and real-time transmission of data from sensors.…”

Energy-Aware On-Demand Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

“…Previous other work has gone in different energy conserving strategies spanning different network layers. In [14] a power-aware multiple access protocol (PAMAS) was proposed. Here, a node turns off its radio interface for a specific duration of time, when it knows that it will not be able to send and receive packets during that time because of the possiblity of multiple access interference.…”

“…In general, powering radios off during periods a node is known not to take part in any critical communication is a popular technique for energy saving. PAMAS [14] does it in MAC layer; [18] does it in the routing layer; transport layer solutions appear in [9]; some application-layer ideas can be found in [16]. In the latter two papers the solutions are not specific to ad hoc networks.…”