PAMP Signaling in Plant Innate Immunity

Abstract

Plant innate immunity is a potential basal defense system existing in plant kingdom. This system provides powerful weapons to the host plants to fi ght against viral, bacterial, fungal, and oomycete pathogens and serves as a surveillance system against invasion of pathogens. It is not active in normal healthy plants and it requires specifi c signals to get activated. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) act as alarm/danger signals to trigger the plant innate immune responses. When pathogens land on the plant's surface, plants read the molecular fi ngerprints/signatures of pathogens (PAMPs) by binding the PAMPs with cognate pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) residing in plant cell plasma membrane and trigger several defense signaling systems.

AtWRKY22 promotes susceptibility to aphids and modulates salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signalling

“…Apart from WRKY22 ’s responsiveness to aphids, we observed a strong activation of the JA pathway in wrky22-3 as a result of the use of clip cages. JA accumulation is known to be induced by mechanical stimuli ( Ichimura et al , 2000 ; Chehab et al , 2012 ), wounding, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) ( Doares et al , 1995 ; Denoux et al , 2008 ; Vidhyasekaran, 2014 ). Since there were no obvious signs of plant damage, the up-regulation of the JA pathway was most likely triggered by touch-induced surface stimulation of our samples.…”

Erratum to “Plant Defense against Necrotrophic Pathogens” [American Journal of Plant Sciences 11(12) (2020) 2122-2138]

“…American Journal of Plant Sciences immune system and plays an important role in defense against necrotrophs [36] [37]. Pathogen invasion or PAMP recognition results in elevated expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes leading to enhanced ethylene biosynthesis [38] [39] [40]. Ethylene mutation in ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis does not influence resistance to A. brassicicola, but compromises Arabidopsis defense against Botrytis.…”

Characterization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Effector Proteins

“…To successfully colonize their plant hosts, microbes, including beneficial ones, must overcome the two major layers of plant immunity, which include membrane-localized and intracellular surveillance systems [17]. Cell surface perception of molecules derived from microbes or damaged plant cells via host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activates the pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and downstream defense responses [34,35]. Depending on the nature of these molecules, they can be classified as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), including chitin-containing molecules derived from the fungal wall, or as plant damageassociated molecular patterns (DAMPs) [36,37].…”