Pan‐Cancer Single‐Cell and Spatial‐Resolved Profiling Reveals the Immunosuppressive Role of APOE+ Macrophages in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy

Abstract

The heterogeneity of macrophages influences the response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. However, few studies explore the impact of APOE+ macrophages on ICI therapy using single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and machine learning methods. The scRNA‐seq and bulk RNA‐seq data are Integrated to construct an M.Sig model for predicting ICI response based on the distinct molecular signatures of macrophage and machine learning algorithms. Comprehensive single‐cell analysis as well as in vivo and in vitro experiments are applied to explore the potential mechanisms of the APOE+ macrophage in affecting ICI response. The M.Sig model shows clear advantages in predicting the efficacy and prognosis of ICI therapy in pan‐cancer patients. The proportion of APOE+ macrophages is higher in ICI non‐responders of triple‐negative breast cancer compared with responders, and the interaction and longer distance between APOE+ macrophages and CD8+ exhausted T (Tex) cells affecting ICI response is confirmed by multiplex immunohistochemistry. In a 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice model, the APOE inhibitor combined with ICI treatment shows the best efficacy. The M.Sig model using real‐world immunotherapy data accurately predicts the ICI response of pan‐cancer, which may be associated with the interaction between APOE+ macrophages and CD8+ Tex cells.

Identification of molecular subtypes based on chromatin regulator-related genes and experimental verification of the role of ASCL1 in conferring chemotherapy resistance to breast cancer

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that the tumor microenvironment (TME) encompasses stromal cells, immune cells coexisting with tumor cells and their secreted factors, vascular endothelial cells, and extracellular matrix ( 23 ). In the initial stage of tumor colonization or growth, the TME hinders the occurrence and development of tumors ( 24 ). However, the continuous stimulation of tumor antigens and immune activation responses results in the exhaustion or remodeling of the related effector cells in the TME, rendering them unable to perform physiological functions or promoting the malignant manifestations of tumors ( 25 ).…”