PAN-derived electrospun nanofibers for supercapacitor applications: ongoing approaches and challenges

Li, Xiang-Ye; Yan, Yong De; Zhang, Bing; Bai, Tian-Jiao; Wang, Zhenzhen; He, Tieshi

doi:10.1007/s10853-021-05939-6

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 204 publications

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“…For instance, the electrical resistance of 50% NP‐PAN composite nanofiber films after 800°C carbonization decreases about 30% in comparison with that of PAN‐based carbon films. This modification on the electrical property of composite nanofibers will widen the application of PAN‐derived nongraphitic carbon in the field of energy storage and conversion 2,3,5 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This modification on the electrical property of composite nanofibers will widen the application of PAN-derived nongraphitic carbon in the field of energy storage and conversion. 2,3,5 3.4 | Effect of pressurized preoxidation on the morphology and structure of composite nanofibers with high NP percentages Typical SEM images of 800 C-carbonized NP-PAN composite nanofibers with different NP percentages preoxidized at 240-340 C for different durations are shown in Figure 9. It can be seen from Figure 9a that the melting and bonding of composite nanofibers with 50% NP decrease and their dispersion degree clearly improves in comparison with those of the counterpart as shown in Figure 8.…”

Section: Physical Properties Of Composite Nanofibers After Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is commonly used as an ideal precursor for electrospinning due to its good solubility, tunable viscosity, and stable spinnability. [1][2][3] PAN-based carbon nanofibers prepared by electrospinning nowadays, possessing several advantages such as simple preparation, high carbon content, large specific surface area and homogenous one-dimensional nanostructure, are widely used in the fields of catalysis, energy conversion and storage, adsorption and filtration, composite materials, biomedical applications, and so forth. [2][3][4][5][6][7] Another important carbonaceous precursor besides PAN for producing carbon fibers is refined pitch, which mainly comes from coal tar and petroleum residue and has various advantages, for instance, widely available feedstock, low cost, high carbon yield, good thermo-plasticity, and high thermal stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] PAN-based carbon nanofibers prepared by electrospinning nowadays, possessing several advantages such as simple preparation, high carbon content, large specific surface area and homogenous one-dimensional nanostructure, are widely used in the fields of catalysis, energy conversion and storage, adsorption and filtration, composite materials, biomedical applications, and so forth. [2][3][4][5][6][7] Another important carbonaceous precursor besides PAN for producing carbon fibers is refined pitch, which mainly comes from coal tar and petroleum residue and has various advantages, for instance, widely available feedstock, low cost, high carbon yield, good thermo-plasticity, and high thermal stability. 8,9 Currently, it has been reported that pitch and PAN can be mixed into a uniform spinnable solution at a certain proportion in an organic solvent, and subsequently pitch-PAN composite nanofibers can be prepared by an electrospinning technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is commonly used as an ideal precursor for electrospinning due to its good solubility, tunable viscosity, and stable spinnability 1–3 . PAN‐based carbon nanofibers prepared by electrospinning nowadays, possessing several advantages such as simple preparation, high carbon content, large specific surface area and homogenous one‐dimensional nanostructure, are widely used in the fields of catalysis, energy conversion and storage, adsorption and filtration, composite materials, biomedical applications, and so forth 2–7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative stabilization of pitch‐polyacrylonitrile composite nanofibers electrospun by incorporating high‐percentage inexpensive pitch

Tang

Chen

Zuo

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based composite nanofibers incorporated with high‐percentage inexpensive pitch were successfully prepared by a simple electrospinning technique. Low‐softening‐point naphthalene pitch (NP) has the merit of high solubility but inevitably brings about preoxidation problem. Thus the influence of different preoxidation strategies on the morphology, composition, and structure of composite nanofibers was systematically investigated. The results show that there exists a ternary phase diagram consisting of PAN‐pitch‐solvent and a suitable apparent viscosity of homogeneous solution, which favors the smooth electrospinning and good adjustment for the diameter of carbon nanofibers (100–500 nm). The crystallinity, crystalline order, and electrical conduction of composite nanofibers are enhanced by incorporating graphitizable NP, for example, the electrical resistance of 50% NP‐PAN composite nanofiber films after 800°C carbonization decreases about 30%. Both increasing the oxidation temperature and extending the oxidation time are beneficial to the oxidative stabilization of composite nanofibers with a suitable NP percentage below 50%. Gradient heating (240–340°C) and pressurized (0.08 MPa) preoxidations could accelerate the oxidative stabilization of composite nanofibers with a high NP percentage up to 110% and significantly shorten the oxidation time by half. Therefore, this study paves the road for facile preparation of cost‐competitive carbon nanofibers with controllable morphology, structure, and properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Properties Of Composite Nanofibers After Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Oxidative stabilization of pitch‐polyacrylonitrile composite nanofibers electrospun by incorporating high‐percentage inexpensive pitch

Tang

Chen

Zuo

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Role and Mechanism of Membrane Separators in Supercapacitors: Synthesis and Performance of Different Separator Materials

Sehgal,

Kunde

2024

Nanostructured Materials for Energy Storage

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Switchable Polyacrylonitrile‐Copolymer for Melt‐Processing and Thermal Carbonization—3D Printing of Carbon Supercapacitor Electrodes with High Capacitance

2022

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allowing fast charge-discharge kinetics, long cycling stability, and high capacitance. [1][2][3][4] Typically, such carbon electrodes are produced from active carbon powders. [5] The required structural integrity of the electrode can only be achieved by mixing the active carbon powder with binders; however, these binders are often electrochemically inert and decrease the overall performance of the electrodes by blocking the surface and porosity of the active material. To produce electrodes without binder, carbon fiber non-wovens present ideal materials for components in fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The most widely used precursor for carbon fibers and materials is polyacrylonitrile (PAN). [12] PAN can be converted into carbon materials in a two-step thermal conversion process. The first step is called stabilization, in which the nitrile groups engage in mostly intramolecular cyclization reactions, forming polymer ribbons. Stabilization is conducted in an oxidative atmosphere between 200 and 300 °C. [13][14][15] Strong dipolar interactions between the nitrile groups entail a high melting temperature T m , well above the activation energy for the cyclization reaction-or stabilization. The second step is the carbonization, in which the polymer ribbons fuse to graphitic domains. Carbonization is conducted in an inert atmosphere above 1000 °C. [13,16,17] Because of its sensitivity towards high temperatures-with potential for thermal run-away, due to the exothermic nature of the stabilization reaction-PAN is typically processed from solution.However, solution processing limits the final architectures of the desired carbon materials to fibers and films. [18][19][20] Fiber spinning and film formation processes are energy consuming and costly, as they require large amounts of solvents, which on an industrial scale have to be recovered and eventually disposed of. [21][22][23][24] A much more economic manufacturing approach would be to process PAN from its melt. [17,25,26] This strategy would enable 3D printing techniques such as polymer extrusion-based additive manufacturing (EAM) with full freedom-ofdesign, expanding the possible shapes of carbon materials from 1D fibers and 2D films to monolithic 3D workpieces. To our advantage, EAM would allow fully automated shaping of PAN into complex structures. EAM is scalable, fast, solvent-free, and Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) represents the most widely used precursor for carbon fibers and carbon materials. Carbon materials stand out with their high mechanical performance, but they also show excellent electrical conductivity and high surface area. These properties render carbon materials suitable as electrode material for fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. However, PAN has to be processed from solution before being thermally converted to carbon, limiting its final format to fibers, films, and non-wovens. Here, a PAN-copolymer with an intrinsic plasticizer is presented to reduce the melting temperature and avoid undesired entering of the t...

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PAN-derived electrospun nanofibers for supercapacitor applications: ongoing approaches and challenges

Cited by 32 publications

References 204 publications

Oxidative stabilization of pitch‐polyacrylonitrile composite nanofibers electrospun by incorporating high‐percentage inexpensive pitch

Oxidative stabilization of pitch‐polyacrylonitrile composite nanofibers electrospun by incorporating high‐percentage inexpensive pitch

Role and Mechanism of Membrane Separators in Supercapacitors: Synthesis and Performance of Different Separator Materials

Switchable Polyacrylonitrile‐Copolymer for Melt‐Processing and Thermal Carbonization—3D Printing of Carbon Supercapacitor Electrodes with High Capacitance

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