Pan drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii causing nosocomial infections among burnt children

Abstract

Background: Nosocomial infection caused by Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a world-wide serious problem in the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR). Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of A. baumannii cannot be completely eliminated among the infected patients. This study aimed to monitor antibiotic resistance among A. baumannii strains isolated from burnt children.Methods: After performing biochemical identification tests on 115 isolates, 62 were detected as A. baumannii. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was used to test susceptibility to colistin, and disk agar diffusion was used for the susceptibility of the isolates to the antibiotics Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Cefepime, Meropenem, Imipenem, Ceftazidime, Levofloxacin and Piperacillin/Tazobactam. Bacterial species were isolated and identified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pan drug-resistant (PDR), based on the susceptibility patterns to elected antibiotics, deputing different classes of antimicrobial.Results: The antibiotic susceptibility pattern out of a total of 62 bacterial strains used in this study. Thirty-six (58%) strains were categorized as MDR, 17 (27.5%) as XDR, and nine (14.5%) as PDR. Conclusion:To reduce the threat of antimicrobial resistance, MDR, XDR and PDR A. baumannii strains must be evaluated by all clinical microbiology laboratories.

Profiling of nosocomial infection in hepatic patients

“…This study shows, XDR bacterial isolates represented 23.8% of total isolates with 37.5% of Acinetobacter, 34% of Pseudomonas and 33.3% of S. aureus isolates are XDR. Similar results obtained by some authors [30,7,19].…”

Mapping Global Prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii and Recent Vaccine Development to Tackle It

“…In the treatment of A. baumannii infections, MDR often compels the adoption of lastresort antibiotics such as colistin when essentially no other options are available. However, the increasing quantity of recent cases reporting the emergence of pan-drug-resistant (PDR) strains tolerant to last-resort therapies has dimmed their potential [47][48][49][50][51][52].…”

“…Although the incidence of A. baumannii meningitis is comparably low, it is an increasing threat in post-neurosurgical patients, with a mortality rate approaching 70% [6]. A. baumannii skin and soft tissue infections in trauma (wound, burn) victims following natural disasters or wars have also been recorded, such as those during the Iraq conflicts, the Syrian war, the Wenchuan earthquake, the Marmara earthquake, and the Indian Ocean tsunami [47,[55][56][57][58]. According to a single site study, after the Wenchuan earthquake, 14% of wound infections in the hospitalised survivors were caused by A. baumannii [58].…”

“…These strains then spread outside the army to the civilian health care system, most probably via the transfer of colonised casualties [1,55], and have continued to be a persistent issue in these areas. Unfortunately, although serious infections and mortality caused by MDR A. baumannii have been reported [47,51,74], regional epidemiology studies are quite limited. A recent MLST-based study showed that sequence types ST2, ST195, and ST208 had been repeatedly reported from many Middle Eastern countries [75].…”

In Vitro Activity of Peptide Antibiotics in Combination With Other Antimicrobials on Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in the Planktonic and Biofilm Cell

“…A. baumannii possess intrinsic antimicrobial resistance with its ability to easily adopt new resistance mechanisms that has driven the evolution of extensive-drug and even pan-drug-resistance. ( Sobouti et al, 2020 ). A. baumannii mainly exists in two forms in the environment: planktonic and biofilm cells ( Koo et al, 2017 ).…”