Panarchy: Discontinuities Reveal Similarities in the Dynamic System Structure of Ecological and Social Systems

Garmestani, Ahjond S.; Allen, Craig R.; Gunderson, Lance

doi:10.5751/es-02744-140115

Cited by 85 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…We extended the approach by quantifying the redundancy of functional feeding group characteristic of invertebrates within and across the spatial scales identified, allowing us to test the cross-scale resilience model (Peterson et al 1998). Within-and cross-scale redundancies of functions within an ecosystem have been suggested to be important to assess the relative resilience of ecological and other complex systems (Peterson et al 1998, Allen and Holling 2008, Garmestani et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying spatial scaling patterns and their local and regional correlates in headwater streams: implications for resilience

Göthe¹,

Sandin²,

Allen³

et al. 2014

E&S

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ABSTRACT. The distribution of functional traits within and across spatiotemporal scales has been used to quantify and infer the relative resilience across ecosystems. We use explicit spatial modeling to evaluate within-and cross-scale redundancy in headwater streams, an ecosystem type with a hierarchical and dendritic network structure. We assessed the cross-scale distribution of functional feeding groups of benthic invertebrates in Swedish headwater streams during two seasons. We evaluated functional metrics, i.e., Shannon diversity, richness, and evenness, and the degree of redundancy within and across modeled spatial scales for individual feeding groups. We also estimated the correlates of environmental versus spatial factors of both functional composition and the taxonomic composition of functional groups for each spatial scale identified. Measures of functional diversity and within-scale redundancy of functions were similar during both seasons, but both within-and cross-scale redundancy were low. This apparent low redundancy was partly attributable to a few dominant taxa explaining the spatial models. However, rare taxa with stochastic spatial distributions might provide additional information and should therefore be considered explicitly for complementing future resilience assessments. Otherwise, resilience may be underestimated. Finally, both environmental and spatial factors correlated with the scale-specific functional and taxonomic composition. This finding suggests that resilience in stream networks emerges as a function of not only local conditions but also regional factors such as habitat connectivity and invertebrate dispersal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying spatial scaling patterns and their local and regional correlates in headwater streams: implications for resilience

Göthe¹,

Sandin²,

Allen³

et al. 2014

E&S

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“…1; Gunderson and Holling 2002). Panarchy differs from hierarchy in that conditions can arise that trigger "bottom-up," i.e., cross-scale cascading, change in the system (Garmestani et al 2009b). Because of this subtle, but critical difference, the panarchy model does a better job of capturing the dynamics of complex systems, e.g., "surprise."…”

Section: Resilience and Panarchymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Framework for Resilience-based Governance of Social-Ecological Systems

Garmestani¹,

Benson²

2013

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150

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ABSTRACT. Panarchy provides a heuristic to characterize the cross-scale dynamics of social-ecological systems and a framework for how governance institutions should behave to be compatible with the ecosystems they manage. Managing for resilience will likely require reform of law to account for the dynamics of social-ecological systems and achieve a substantive mandate that accommodates the need for adaptation. In this paper, we suggest expansive legal reform by identifying the principles of reflexive law as a possible mechanism for achieving a shift to resilience-based governance and leveraging cross-scale dynamics to provide resilience-based responses to increasingly challenging environmental conditions.

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“…Explicit to the concepts of ecological resilience is a cross-scale view of ecosystem structure and dynamics (Garmestani et al, 2009). Scale-specific interactions between patterns and processes and biotic-abiotic feedbacks provide systems with their Fig.…”

Section: Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological invasions, ecological resilience and adaptive governance

Chaffin

Garmestani

Angeler

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Management

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a b s t r a c tIn a world of increasing interconnections in global trade as well as rapid change in climate and land cover, the accelerating introduction and spread of invasive species is a critical concern due to associated negative social and ecological impacts, both real and perceived. Much of the societal response to invasive species to date has been associated with negative economic consequences of invasions. This response has shaped a war-like approach to addressing invasions, one with an agenda of eradications and intense ecological restoration efforts towards prior or more desirable ecological regimes. This trajectory often ignores the concept of ecological resilience and associated approaches of resilience-based governance. We argue that the relationship between ecological resilience and invasive species has been understudied to the detriment of attempts to govern invasions, and that most management actions fail, primarily because they do not incorporate adaptive, learning-based approaches. Invasive species can decrease resilience by reducing the biodiversity that underpins ecological functions and processes, making ecosystems more prone to regime shifts. However, invasions do not always result in a shift to an alternative regime; invasions can also increase resilience by introducing novelty, replacing lost ecological functions or adding redundancy that strengthens already existing structures and processes in an ecosystem. This paper examines the potential impacts of species invasions on the resilience of ecosystems and suggests that resilience-based approaches can inform policy by linking the governance of biological invasions to the negotiation of tradeoffs between ecosystem services.

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Panarchy: Discontinuities Reveal Similarities in the Dynamic System Structure of Ecological and Social Systems

Cited by 85 publications

References 67 publications

Quantifying spatial scaling patterns and their local and regional correlates in headwater streams: implications for resilience

Quantifying spatial scaling patterns and their local and regional correlates in headwater streams: implications for resilience

A Framework for Resilience-based Governance of Social-Ecological Systems

Biological invasions, ecological resilience and adaptive governance

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