Pancarditis as the sole clinical manifestation of protothecosis in a Boxer dog

A dog with protothecosis in the Netherlands

“…Up until now, canine cases originated from Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Canada, the United States, Brazil, Uruguay, Israel and European countries, such as Greece, Spain, Italy and England. 6,7,[13][14][15][16][17] As Prototheca spp. are ubiquitous in organic matter with a high moisture content, their occurrence in the cold Dutch climate, especially in wintertime, was unexpected.…”

“…Although, retrospectively, the weight loss and neurological symptoms in this dog were not typical for a primary colitis, protothecosis is very rare in dogs and infections have not been reported from the Netherlands so far. Up until now, canine cases originated from Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Canada, the United States, Brazil, Uruguay, Israel and European countries, such as Greece, Spain, Italy and England 6,7,13–17 . As Prototheca spp.…”

“…In cats, protothecosis is a very rare (sub)cutaneous skin disease affecting forehead, nose, pinnae, distal limbs or the tail base 12 . In dogs, about 75 cases have been reported in literature so far 6,7,13–17 . In contrast to the relatively mild forms in cattle, immunocompetent humans and cats, protothecosis in dogs is often fatal due to dissemination of disease and a poor response to therapy.…”

“…12 In dogs, about 75 cases have been reported in literature so far. 6,7,[13][14][15][16][17] In contrast to the relatively mild forms in cattle, immunocompetent humans and cats, protothecosis in dogs is often fatal due to dissemination of disease and a poor response to therapy. In dogs, protothecosis is thought to arise from the ingestion of large amounts of algae, although cutaneous infections resulting from penetrating injury have been reported as well.…”

Analytical validation, sample stability, and clinical evaluation of a new high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I immunoassay for use in dogs, with comparison to a previous ultrasensitive assay

“…The ADVIA Centaur TnI-Ultra assay, henceforth referred to as AC-cTnI-U, is an ultrasensitive cTnI assay validated for use in the dog (6, 7) that has a detection limit of 0.006-50.0 ng/ mL. The AC-cTnI-U assay has been widely used for clinical veterinary patients and in clinical veterinary research [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], however, this assay has now been retired and replaced by the ADVIA Centaur XP High-Sensitivity Troponin I assay, henceforth referred to as AC-cTnI-HS. For a troponin assay to be considered high sensitivity, cTnI must be detectable above the limit of detection and below the 99 th percentile upper reference limit of normal in at least half of the population, with a coefficient of variation (CV) <10%, as described in a recent review on evaluating analytical performance of troponin immunoassays [24].…”