Pancreas—Its Functions, Disorders, and Physiological Impact on the Mammals’ Organism

Karpińska, Monika; Czauderna, M.

doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.807632

Cited by 56 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…This fibrosis was noted to extend toward the proximal duodenal portion to involve the sphincter of Oddi, thus contributing to the loss of digestive excretions of the pancreaticobiliary system as excretions were unable to enter the enteric tract. A lack of enzymatic activity in the enteric tract including pancreatic lipase, amylase, and protease likely led to his subsequent weight loss and diarrhea symptoms as these enzymes are key for the digestion of fats, starches, and sugars, respectively [ 7 ]. This scenario is supported by the measured deficiency in pancreatic lipase in the patient’s stool sample early during his hospital course.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duodenal Fibrosis Mimicking Neoplastic Obstructive Hepatopathy in the Setting of Lynch Syndrome

Hernandez¹,

Hussain²,

Suarez³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Intestinal fibrosis is a rare complication of chronic inflammation resulting from various etiologies, including surgery, abdominal radiation, and inflammatory bowel disease. Consequences of intestinal fibrosis include intestinal dysmotility, malabsorption, and obstruction. Patients with Lynch syndrome are predisposed to developing intestinal adenocarcinoma including in the small intestines which typically require intraabdominal procedures that expose them to fibrogenic triggers. Here, we present a rare case of duodenal fibrosis involving the sphincter of Oddi leading to malabsorption and gastrointestinal symptoms in a patient with Lynch syndrome requiring advanced endoscopy interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duodenal Fibrosis Mimicking Neoplastic Obstructive Hepatopathy in the Setting of Lynch Syndrome

Hernandez¹,

Hussain²,

Suarez³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…Disorders of the pancreas affect the ability of this organ to biosynthesise and/or secrete sufficient enzymes to digest food in the intestines. 30 Disorders that affect pancreatic function include chronic/acute pancreatitis, neoplastic disease, hereditary diseases (e.g., cystic fibrosis), diabetes, and Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. 30 Accumulating research has shown an association between microbiome abnormalities and pancreatic disease, but it is not yet clear whether microbial dysbiosis is a cause or an effect of pancreatic dysfunction.…”

Section: Disorders Of the Pancreasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Management of Gastrointestinal Disease

Humphry¹

2022

EMJ Gastroenterol

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Interdisciplinary sessions at the recent United European Gastroenterology (UEG) Week, held in Vienna, Austria, from 8th to 11th October 2022, covered new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders, with a focus on advances in the non-invasive management of these diseases. Abstract-based and poster sessions presented original research from Europe and other parts of the world. This review summarises selected data presented in the fields of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI), gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), and disorders of the pancreas. Previously termed functional gastrointestinal disorders, the Rome Foundation is gradually moving toward the use of DGBI in place of functional gastrointestinal disorders to avoid stigma. Cristina Rubín de Célix, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Spain, described a systematic review and meta-analysis of real-world evidence for ustekinumab in the treatment of Crohn’s disease. Regarding irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Salvatore Crucillà, Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Italy, showed that following a Mediterranean diet resulted in symptom improvement and faecal microbiota changes in patients with constipation-predominant IBS. Fiona Kinnear, Novozymes A/S, Cork, Ireland, reported patients’ experiences of probiotics for IBS. Tatyana Kugler, Department of Internal Medicine, Donetsk National Medical University, Ukraine, discussed quality of life (QoL) in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD), and Ayesha Shah, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, and Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, considered the impact of a diagnosis of more than one DGBI. James White, Medscape Global Education, London, UK, considered the impact of continuing medical education (CME) on confidence in the management of GORD. Additionally, Peter Macinga, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia, provided evidence that chronic pancreatitis is associated with an alteration in the gut microbiota, and Joakim Svahn, Viatris AB, Stockholm, Sweden, described the use of a patient support programme (PSP) in patients prescribed pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI).

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“…Fruit bats demonstrate high sensitivity to glucose and insulin ( 19 ) and can directly fuel their metabolic needs with exogenous sugars ( 25 ). The pancreas is responsible for generating hormones that regulate blood sugar and appetite, such as insulin and glucagon ( 26 ), as well as secreting enzymes and digestive juices into the small intestine ( 27 ). The high sensitivity to sugar levels in fruit bats is thought to be supported by an expansion of endocrine tissue in the pancreas ( 18, 19 ) and by loss of genes involved in insulin metabolism and signaling ( 20 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative single-cell characterization of frugivory adaptations in the bat kidney and pancreas

Gordon

Baek

Nguyen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Frugivory evolved multiple times in mammals, including bats. However, the cellular and molecular components driving it remain largely unknown. Here, we used integrative single-cell sequencing on insectivorous and frugivorous bat kidneys and pancreases and identified key cell population, gene expression and regulatory element differences associated with frugivorous adaptation that also relate to human disease, particularly diabetes. We found an increase in collecting duct cells and differentially active genes and regulatory elements involved in fluid and electrolyte balance in the frugivore kidney. In the frugivorous pancreas, we observed an increase in endocrine and a decrease in exocrine cells and differences in genes and regulatory elements involved in insulin regulation. Combined, our work provides novel insights into frugivorous adaptation that also could be leveraged for therapeutic purposes.

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Pancreas—Its Functions, Disorders, and Physiological Impact on the Mammals’ Organism

Cited by 56 publications

References 70 publications

Duodenal Fibrosis Mimicking Neoplastic Obstructive Hepatopathy in the Setting of Lynch Syndrome

Duodenal Fibrosis Mimicking Neoplastic Obstructive Hepatopathy in the Setting of Lynch Syndrome

Recent Advances in the Management of Gastrointestinal Disease

Integrative single-cell characterization of frugivory adaptations in the bat kidney and pancreas

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