Pancreatic β-cell regeneration: advances in understanding the genes and signaling pathways involved

Afelik, Solomon; Rovira, Meritxell

doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0437-x

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is known that insulitis begins before the onset of hyperglycemia and tends to decline with the progression of islets into fibrosis, when diabetes will become overt. Hence, an insulitis of comparable degree, between the two conditions, could indicate an arrest of the disease process . Insulin staining was clearly identifiable in islets at 216 days post‐TX (Figure B).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Remission of hyperglycemia in spontaneously diabetic NOD mice upon transplant of microencapsulated human umbilical cord Wharton jelly‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMS)

Montanucci

Pescara

Alunno

et al. 2018

Xenotransplantation

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Background: Our previous in vitro demonstration of the immunoregulatory effects of microencapsulated hUCMS on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) extracted from patients with recent onset, type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), prompted us to test our product for xenograft (TX) in non obese diabetic (NOD) mice with spontaneous DM. Methods:We transplanted microencapsulated hUCMS into the peritoneal cavity of NOD mice with either severe or mild DM. Blood glucose (BG) levels were monitored following TX, in either basal or upon glucose stimulation. Results:Only the NODs with mild DM showed full and sustained remission of hyperglycemia throughout 216 days post-TX, unlike recipients with severe DM, where no remission of hyperglycemia was attained, as reflected by erratic BG levels at all times. Conclusions:These data suggest that the stage of DM disease process in NOD mice, reflecting steady decline of residual b-cell mass, plays a pivotal role in determining the success of this cell therapy approach for treatment of DM. K E Y W O R D Simmunoregulation, microencapsulation, NOD mice, sodium alginate, stem cells, T1D

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Remission of hyperglycemia in spontaneously diabetic NOD mice upon transplant of microencapsulated human umbilical cord Wharton jelly‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMS)

Montanucci

Pescara

Alunno

et al. 2018

Xenotransplantation

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“…In T1D, insulin deficiency is caused by the immune destruction of β cells (4). T2D is usually caused by peripheral insulin resistance and/or β cell dysfunction (5). The factors that control the number of β cells include: i) Replication of existing β cells, ii) differentiation of new β cells from ducts and extra-islet precursor cells, iii) formation of new β cells from other endocrine cells and iv) β cell apoptosis (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β cell regeneration and novel strategies for treatment of diabetes (Review)

Lü

Xie

et al. 2022

Biomed Rep

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The etiology of diabetes is primarily attributed to the lack of functioning β cells, which in-turn leads to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance, and this ultimately leads to β cell dysfunction. Restoring the number and function of β cells is an effective means of improving or even curing diabetes. β cell regeneration is a potential method for increasing the number of functioning β cells. In addition to self-duplication of pancreatic β cells, β cells can be regenerated from embryonic stem cells, human induced pluripotent stem cells and pancreatic stem cells. Based on these mechanisms, proliferation and differentiation into functional β cells in vitro is one of the most promising strategies for treatment of diabetes. Although β cell regeneration has significant potential in the treatment of insulin-deficient diabetes, and significant progress has been made in this regard, there remains challenges which prevent its use in the clinic. Contents1. Introduction 2. The molecular mechanisms of β cell regeneration 3. β cell regeneration and treatment strategies for diabetes 4. Challenges in β cell regeneration strategies for the treatment of diabetes 5. Conclusions

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“…One of the important functions of β cells is the secretion and production of insulin, which is responsible for the controlling of blood glucose levels. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused due to the autoimmune destruction of β cells, whereas type 2 diabetes (T2D) is mostly caused by β‐cell dysfunction or peripheral tissue resistance to insulin, which often leads to the inducing of apoptosis in β cells . Hence, the regeneration of β‐cell mass could be useful for both forms of diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in β cells. 3 Hence, the regeneration of β-cell mass could be useful for both forms of diabetes. Transplantation of islet is the only approach to introduce new β cells into diabetic patients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreatic β‐cell regeneration: From molecular mechanisms to therapy

Motlagh

Mohebbi

Moslemi

et al. 2019

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Pancreatic β cells are a type of cells that are present in the islets of Langerhans. These cells are highly specialized for the secretion of insulin in response to low increasing of blood glucose levels. Hence, pancreatic β cells could contribute to maintaining systemic glucose homeostasis. Increasing evidence has revealed that a variety of internal (ie, genetic and epigenetic factors) and external factors (ie, radical‐oxidative stress) are involved in the protection and/or regeneration of pancreatic β cells. The pathways regulating β‐cell replication have been intensely investigated. Glucose has an important role in cell cycle entry of quiescent β cells, which exerts its effect via glucose metabolism and unfolded proteins. A variety of growth factors, hormones, and signaling pathways (ie, calcium‐calcineurin nuclear factor of activated T cells) are others factors that could affect β‐cell replication under different conditions. Therefore, a greater understanding of the underlying pathways involved in the regeneration and protection of pancreatic β cells could lead to finding and developing new therapeutic approaches. Utilization of stem cells and various phytochemical agents have provided new aspects for preventing β‐cell degeneration and stimulating the endogenous regeneration of islets. Thus, these therapeutic platforms could be used as potential therapies in the treatment of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. Here, we summarized the various mechanisms involved in pancreatic β‐cell regeneration. Moreover, we highlighted different therapeutic approaches which could be used for the regeneration of pancreatic β cells.

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Pancreatic β-cell regeneration: advances in understanding the genes and signaling pathways involved

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Remission of hyperglycemia in spontaneously diabetic NOD mice upon transplant of microencapsulated human umbilical cord Wharton jelly‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMS)

Remission of hyperglycemia in spontaneously diabetic NOD mice upon transplant of microencapsulated human umbilical cord Wharton jelly‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMS)

β cell regeneration and novel strategies for treatment of diabetes (Review)

Pancreatic β‐cell regeneration: From molecular mechanisms to therapy

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