Pandemics of mutating virus and society: a multi-scale active particles approach

Abstract

This article presents, within a multiscale framework, a search for a unified approach towards modelling the COVID-19 pandemic, from contagion to within-host dynamics. The modelling is focused on vaccination and therapeutical actions in general. The first part of our article is devoted to understanding the complex features of the system and to the design of a modelling rationale. Then, the modelling approach follows mainly focused on the competition between the proliferating virus and the immune system. Modelling considers also the action of vaccination plans related to the onset of new variants. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Kinetic exchange models of societies and economies’.

Stability of a delayed SARS-CoV-2 reactivation model with logistic growth and adaptive immune response

“…Our model can also be extended by (i) expanding to multiscale model to get a deeper understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 dynamics [60] – [61] and (ii) considering stochastic interactions [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] .…”

Modeling and Stability Analysis of Within-Host IAV/SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection with Antibody Immunity

“…The model developed in this work can be improved by (i) utilizing real data to find a good estimation of the parameters' values, (ii) studying the effect of time delays that occur during infection or production of IAV and SARS-CoV-2 particles [45], (iii) considering viral mutations [65,66], (iv) considering the effect of treatments on the progression of both viruses, and (v) including the influence of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes (CTLs) in killing SARS-CoV-2infected and IAV-infected cells [40]. These research points need further investigations so we leave them to future works.…”

Global stability of a delayed SARS-CoV-2 reactivation model with logistic growth, antibody immunity and general incidence rate

“…The model proposed in this paper can be developed by considering the diffusion of the virus particles [57] , [58] and studying the effect of CTL immune response on eliminating infected cells. Our model can also be expanded by constructing multiscale SARS-CoV-2 model [59] , [60] . The memory is an important characteristic of human immune system.…”