Pangan dalam Kebun, Model Pertanian Petani Kepulauan: Analisis karakteristik lahan dan pendapatan petani Pulau Ternate

Abstract

Produksi pertanian terutama pangan dan hortikultura (sayur) oleh petani di Pulau Ternate menyesuaikan dengan ketersediaan lahan sesuai karakteristik kepulauan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik lahan dan jenis tanaman serta pendapatan budidaya tanaman pangan dan sayur dibawah tegakan tanaman perkebunan. Penelitian dilakukan di lapangan melalui pengamatan, wawancara dan kuesioner selanjutnya dilakukan analisis deskriptif untuk melihat peluang pengembangan usahatani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 53 % lahan pertanian budidaya tanaman pangan dan sayur dilakukan pada bentuk lahan perbukitan dengan kemiringan lereng 3-8 (landai) ; 28% pada kemiringan lereng 8-15% (agak landai) dan hanya 9 % petani Kota Ternate mengusahakan tanaman pangan dan sayur pada lahan 0-3% (datar sampai agak datar). Jenis tanaman yang dibudidayakan secara tumpang sari dan sistem gilir adalah jenis sayuran petola, mentimun, kacang panjang (Paket I); Sayur kangkung cabut dan bayam (paket II); Tomat dan cabe (paket III) dan kacang tanah, jagung (paket IV); campuran sayur lilin, terong, pepaya dan pisang burung (paket V). Tanaman paket I lebih banyak diusahakan (44%), sedangkan peluang usaha berdasarkan harga dan permintaan konsumen adalah tanaman paket II (kangkung cabut dan bayam). Nilai rasio R/C dan rasio B/C usaha tani tanaman pangan dan hortikultura (sayuran) paket I sampai paket V di kebun cengkeh dan pala adalah >1, artinya menguntungkan untuk dikembangbangkan pada usaha tani petani kepulauan.

Analysis of the availability and water requirements of dryland farming and the water needs of residents in Hiri Island, Ternate City, North Maluku

“…The results of the soil properties analysis, including soil water content at land and water capacity at permanent wilting point conditions for each land use on Hiri Island, showed that the level of water availability in the soil varied for each land use. These indicators of the physical properties of the soil, together with other chemical and biological properties of the soil, greatly influence the health and quality of the soil as a planting medium (Umasugi et al, 2022). Based on the analysis results presented in Notes: FC = field capacity; WP = permanent wilting point; dZ = effective depth; STo = soil moisture content.…”

“…Apart from that, the types of farming crops, apart from being market-oriented, are also adapted to the culture of the local community (Saidani et al, 2022) as well as agricultural technology input, which aims to strengthen the local wisdom of the community, especially the knowledge of island farmers, thereby creating a balance between meeting economic needs and environmental sustainability, strengthening farmer institutions (Achmad et al, 2022). The study by Umasugi et al (2022) highlighted that plantation crops and farming of food crops and vegetables are characteristic of island areas, which are hilly and have a slightly sloping to sloping topography. This condition will increase farmers' ability to adapt to climate change and technological developments (Antwi-Agyei and Stringer, 2021) to achieve a sustainable agricultural system, with the main pioneers being island farmers (Ayu et al, 2020;Zollet and Maharjan, 2021).…”

“…Hills dominate the physiography of the area, so agricultural businesses are generally carried out on agricultural land in hilly areas with slopes above >3%. According to Umasugi et al (2022), plantation, food, and vegetable crops in Ternate City are cultivated on hilly land with sloping topography. The water needs of the residents of Hiri Island and the crops they cultivate come from rainwater (Mulyono and Putro, 2019) and Regional Water Company (PDAM).…”

Analysis and Strategy of Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) Cultivation of Rawit Capsicum (Capsicum frutescens L.) in Tidore Eastern

“…When compared to the potential production of rawit pepper, the yield of East Tidore farmers is still low. The problem is the capacity to cultivate land, planting on land with an inclination of >8%-30% as an island territory, thus limiting farmers ability to do cultivation [2]. Therefore, the principle of conservation must be applied to the land.…”