PANNA Project – Plasma and Nano for New Age Soft Conservation. Development of a Full-Life Protocol for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage

Patelli, Alessandro; Favaro, Monica; Šimon, Štefan; Storme, Patrick; Scopece, Paolo; Kamenova, Veska; Kamenarov, Zdravko; Lorenzon, Andrea; Voeght, Frank De

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-34234-9_84

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…After plasma treatment, the surface appeared to consist of Ag2S with the main S2p peak at 160.6 eV. The results are consistent with literature where the transformation of Ag2S into metallic silver by means of reductive plasma at low pressure [18][19][20][21] or at atmospheric pressure [4] is already reported. The presence of monosulphides as detected by the XPS-analyses after the plasma treatment disagrees with the results obtained on Ag3d signal and by visual inspection since the surface turns from almost black to dull metal).…”

Section: Impact Of the Plasma Afterglow On Ag999supporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, for mixed media objects such as silver threads in textile or silver foils on wooden statues, the traditional cleaning methods for silver can hardly be used due to the inevitable chemical damage or mechanical abrasion of the very sensitive organic materials that are in close contact with the tarnished silver. A dry, non-contact cleaning technique such as an afterglow generated by plasma at atmospheric pressure might be a solution for mixed media objects to reduce sulphide compounds [4][5][6]. The microelectronics field has already studied this topic [7], evaluating the use of the atmospheric pressure He/H2 plasma for copper oxide reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tarnished silver–copper surfaces reduction using remote helium plasma at atmospheric pressure studied by means of high-resolution synchrotron x-ray photoelectron microscopy

Schalm

Patelli²,

Storme

et al. 2021

Corrosion Science

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Section: Impact Of the Plasma Afterglow On Ag999supporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tarnished silver–copper surfaces reduction using remote helium plasma at atmospheric pressure studied by means of high-resolution synchrotron x-ray photoelectron microscopy

Schalm

Patelli²,

Storme

et al. 2021

Corrosion Science

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“…In particular, rare-earth (RE)-doped nanoparticles, because of their electronic properties arising from the 4f electrons of the dopants [3,4], have unique spectral features related to their characteristic excitation and emission properties [5]. Due to their peculiar features, the potential applications of these materials are in the fields of lighting [6], cathode ray tubes [7], plasma display panels [8], lasers [9], X-ray imaging [10], field emission displays [11], thermometry [12], security printing and anti-counterfeiting [13][14][15], biosensors [16][17][18][19], DNA microarrays [20][21][22], and emerging applications such as marker identifier for cultural heritage [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of Eu–Tb codoped nanophosphors in silica-based coatings assisted by atmospheric pressure plasma jet technology

et al. 2015

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“…• Unsatisfactory cleaning performances It is known that electrolytic techniques [3], laser [2] or low temperature atmospheric plasma afterglow cleaning techniques [4,5] exhibit certain difficulties on the removal of sulfide films on sterling silver contrary to pure silver on which the corrosion products can easily be reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sulfidation process of sterling silver in different corrosive environments: impact of the process on the surface films formed and consequences for the conservation-restoration community

2015

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Background: Precious objects made of silver and/or its alloys tarnish and become black when exposed to ambient atmospheres containing moisture and ppb-amounts of H 2 S. Such objects usually contain small but variable amounts of copper as alloying constituent and this affects the corrosion process due to a preferential oxidation of copper. However the visual appearance of the formed tarnishing layers on different types of silver alloys is very similar. Therefore, conservators-restorers are confronted with the problem that in some cases certain cleaning techniques are very effective while in other similar cases the removal of tarnishing layers is unsatisfactory. Since cleaning experiments are not allowed on genuine objects, many investigations use artificially corroded dummies instead. In order to evaluate the representativity and reproducibility of this often used methodology, differences in morphology, microstructure and composition of the sulfide layers on sterling silver generated by different sulfidation methods were analysed.Results: Sterling silver samples were artificially aged in five different environments. The samples exposed to uncontrolled ambient air at different locations (e.g. residential and laboratory environments) showed different corrosion rates and corrosion colours. Three accelerated ageing methods were executed in a gaseous or liquid environment under controlled conditions. These tests showed different results in morphology, microstructure, composition, thickness and the interface between bulk and corrosion layer. A first accelerated sulfidation procedure in a Na 2 S solution alternated with exposure to air, resulted in a fast corrosion rate and an even corrosion layer formation with several S-species. A second series of sulfidation in a controlled gas environment of H 2 S and SO 2 developed a thin but uneven corrosion layer, mainly consisting of oxides. A third corrosion methodology used was based on the thioacetamide method. This resulted in an even and relative thick corrosion layer, comparable to the Na 2 S/aeration sulfidation system. However, the interface between the corrosion layer and the bulk is importantly different, showing severe voids. Conclusions:The corrosion layers generated by five different experimental sulfidation series on identical prepared sterling silver coupons were clearly different from each other. Analyses demonstrated that the composition and microstructure of the corrosion layers were strongly dependent on the sulfidation method used and copper was found to be an important element present in all sulfide layers analysed. Therefore, artificially corroded sterling silver is not necessarily representative for naturally tarnished historical objects and the extrapolation of the cleaning results obtained on dummies to historical objects must be performed with care.

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PANNA Project – Plasma and Nano for New Age Soft Conservation. Development of a Full-Life Protocol for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Tarnished silver–copper surfaces reduction using remote helium plasma at atmospheric pressure studied by means of high-resolution synchrotron x-ray photoelectron microscopy

Tarnished silver–copper surfaces reduction using remote helium plasma at atmospheric pressure studied by means of high-resolution synchrotron x-ray photoelectron microscopy

Incorporation of Eu–Tb codoped nanophosphors in silica-based coatings assisted by atmospheric pressure plasma jet technology

The sulfidation process of sterling silver in different corrosive environments: impact of the process on the surface films formed and consequences for the conservation-restoration community

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