Panoramic radiographs underestimate extensions of the anterior loop and mandibular incisive canal

Brito, Ana Caroline Ramos de; Nejaim, Yuri; Freitas, Deborah Queiroz; Oliveira‐Santos, Christiano

doi:10.5624/isd.2016.46.3.159

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), is probably the most advantageous method for assessing the anatomy of the AL of the mandibular canal because it gives three-dimensional assessment with no magnification, unsharpness, and distortion, as seen in panoramic radiography (PR) which is otherwise the only alternative to visualize the loop. [678] Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the presence and course of the AL in the mental foramen region along with identification and analysis of the variations in terms of length, diameter, and height of the AL in males and females in the Eastern Indian population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the anterior loop of the mandibular canal using cone-beam computed tomography in Eastern India: A record-based study

Sinha¹,

Kandula²,

Sangamesh³

et al. 2019

J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent

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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the presence and course of the anterior loop (AL) in an Odisha sample population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to accurately identify and analyze the length, height, and diameter of AL in male and females. Materials and Methods: CBCT images from 1000 patients obtained for various clinical indications were randomly selected and evaluated to determine the presence, length, height, and diameter of the AL. The various parameters were then compared based on gender, age, and the side of the mandible. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, independent t -test, multiple post hoc procedure, and one-way ANOVA test. Results: An AL was identified in 9.7% of the cases, and its mean length ranged from 1.8 to 4.8 mm. The loop had a greater mean length and was significantly more prevalent in males. The diameter ranged from 1 to 4 mm and height ranged from 7.8 to 15.1 mm. The AL was most commonly found in the middle-aged patients (39–48 years) which attributed to around 27.83%. Conclusion: In this study, a lower prevalence of the AL of the mandibular canal was found. Being an anatomical variation, an exact evaluation of the AL must be established using the imaging techniques prior to any surgical procedure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the anterior loop of the mandibular canal using cone-beam computed tomography in Eastern India: A record-based study

Sinha¹,

Kandula²,

Sangamesh³

et al. 2019

J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent

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“…Many anatomical structures, such as the incisive nerve [ 35 , 39 , 40 ], the alveolar inferior nerve [ 41 ], and its anterior loop [ 40 , 42 ], are more easily visualized on CBCT images [ 14 ] in contrast to 2-D images. Since measurement inaccuracies in CBCT scans can exceed 1 mm, a safety margin of 2 mm from vital structures should be utilized in implant planning [ 21 , 37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indications for 3-D diagnostics and navigation in dental implantology with the focus on radiation exposure: a systematic review

2021

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Background Dental implants are a common restorative method used to replace missing teeth. Implant placement techniques guided by three-dimensional imaging and navigation are becoming more widely available. Objective The present review focused on the following questions: 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of 2-D versus 3-D imaging in dental implantology? 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of freehand implant placement in comparison with navigation-guided implant placement? Methods A systematic review was performed, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. The following libraries were searched for relevant literature: PubMed, Embase, Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) Online, and the Cochrane Library. The risk of bias was assessed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SiGN) checklist. A total of 70 studies were included after screening, and the evidence from these was gathered for review. Results Three-dimensional imaging is advantageous in terms of image quality, and it provides a distortion-free evaluation of the implant site. However, it is also associated with higher costs and increased radiation exposure. Dynamic and static navigation are equal in accuracy and are both more accurate compared with the freehand method. No benefit in terms of implant survival could be demonstrated within the first 5 years for any specific method. Discussion A panoramic X-ray with a reference body often provides sufficient imaging and is the primary method for two-dimensional imaging. Cone beam computed tomography with low-dose protocol settings should be used if three-dimensional imaging is needed. Navigational support should be considered in the event of especially complex cases. Conclusion The guidance technique used for implant placement should be decided on an individual basis. With the increasing availability of three-dimensional imaging, there should also be an increase in awareness of radiation exposure.

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“… 8 9 Currently, the most accurate available modality for dentists to quantitatively determine the presence of AL is high-resolution CBCT. 10 According to the literature, major variations have been reported in the prevalence and length of the AL; its prevalence is reported to range from 7.7% 11 to 95.2% 12 and its length from 0.25 mm 13 to 19 mm. 11 It has been suggested that sex, ethnicity, and age differences may exist; 8 9 14 therefore, evaluating the prevalence and length of AL and determining a precise and safe distance from it in different population subgroups can be of clinical significance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and extension of the anterior loop of the mental nerve in different populations and CBCT imaging settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Purpose This study aimed to identify the prevalence and extension of the anterior loop (AL) of the mental nerve in different populations and according to different cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging settings. Materials and Methods Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest were searched. The main inclusion criterion was ALs evaluated in CBCT images. The quality of studies was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute risk of bias checklist. Subgroup analyses were conducted for sex, side, continent, voxel size, field of view, and type of CBCT-reconstruction images with a random-effects model. Results Sixty-three studies with 13,743 participants (27,075 hemimandibles) were included. An AL was found in 40.6% (95% CI: 32.8%-48.9%, P <0.05) of participants and 36.0% (95% CI: 27.5%-45.5%, P <0.05) of hemimandibles, in 34.9% (95% CI: 25.1%-46.2%, P <0.05) of males and 34.5% (95% CI: 23.5%-47.4%, P <0.05) of females. The average length of ALs was 2.39 mm (95% CI: 2.07-2.70 mm, P <0.05). Their extension was 2.13 mm (95% CI: 1.54-2.73 mm, P <0.05) in males and 1.85 mm (95% CI: 1.35-2.36 mm, P <0.05) in females. Significant differences were observed regarding the prevalence and length of ALs among continents and for its measured length on different CBCT-reconstruction images, but not between other subgroups. Conclusion AL was a relatively common finding. The voxel size and fields of view of CBCT devices were adequate for assessing AL; however, a 2-mm safety margin from anatomical structures (such as the AL) could be recommended to be considered when using CBCT imaging.

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Panoramic radiographs underestimate extensions of the anterior loop and mandibular incisive canal

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

Assessment of the anterior loop of the mandibular canal using cone-beam computed tomography in Eastern India: A record-based study

Assessment of the anterior loop of the mandibular canal using cone-beam computed tomography in Eastern India: A record-based study

Indications for 3-D diagnostics and navigation in dental implantology with the focus on radiation exposure: a systematic review

Prevalence and extension of the anterior loop of the mental nerve in different populations and CBCT imaging settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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