Pap Smear for Screening T. Vaginalis

Malkappa, Sateesh K.; Saileela, K; Surpam, Rajendra; Chakraverti, Trinain Kumar

doi:10.14260/jemds/134

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…In TV infected patients, the symptoms range widely from vaginal discharge and pruritis to dysuria and dyspareunia. 18 The present study matwith this clinical profile. The classical green, frothy, foul-smelling discharge was documented in 10% of patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…19 In the present study, the prevalence of Trichomonas infection is 5.07% which is similar to other studies. 18,19 Herpes simplex Virus (HSV) is one of the sexually transmitted infections and is a rare cause of abnormal Pap smears as observed in the present study. The cytological diagnosis of genital herpes depends upon the recognition of multinucleated giant squamous cells in Papanicolaou-stained smears.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Cytomorphological spectrum of cervicovaginal infections and their prevalence with clinical correlation on pap smears: A three-year retrospective study

Kumar¹,

Singhal

Jain³

et al. 2022

PJMS

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Cervical-vaginal infections are one of the most common infections seen in women of the reproductive age group. The important infectious agents in Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida, and Trichomonas vaginalis. Pap smear cytology is used as an important screening test for various epithelial cell abnormalities and cervical cancer. It is also useful in the diagnosis of various pathogenic microorganisms causing cervicovaginal infections. To determine the prevalence of cervicovaginal infections on Pap smears, and study their cytomorphology and clinical correlation. : This is a three-year retrospective study from June 2018 to May 2021 performed on conventional Pap smears in the Pathology laboratory of a Government hospital in North India. The prevalence of various cervicovaginal infections was determined and their cytomorphological spectrum was studied. The Bethesda System of classification was followed for reporting Pap smears. All the females attending Gynaecology OPD of the hospital with various complaints were included. Females with a history of cervical cancer and unsatisfactory samples were excluded from the study. Out of the total number1344 pap smears examined during the three years, 1291 (96.058%) were reported as NILM, remaining 53(3.044%) were diagnosed as epithelial cell abnormalities and cervical cancer. Among the 1291 cases of NILM, 421(32.61%) smears were positive for specific pathogenic microorganisms. Out of, 421 smears, examined,254(60.33%) were BV followed by136 (32.30%) of candida infection. Trichomonas contributed to 22(5.22%) cases, whereas in one case (0.23%) each of Actinomyces and HSV was seen. Mixed infection by Trichomonas and leptothrix was seen in 4(0.950%) cases and Candida and leptothrix contributed to 3(0.712%) cases. Cervico-vaginal infections are an important cause of morbidity in the reproductive age group. Cervical cytology is an invaluable method to diagnose these infections. About 90% of infections are caused by Bacterial Vaginosis and Candida. All women of the reproductive age group should undergo a Pap smear examination for timely diagnosis and proper management of cervicovaginal infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Cytomorphological spectrum of cervicovaginal infections and their prevalence with clinical correlation on pap smears: A three-year retrospective study

Kumar¹,

Singhal

Jain³

et al. 2022

PJMS

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“…Our study correlates well with the finding of studies done by Bukhari et al 1 and Cheraghi et al 3 where TV was the reason for symptomatic and asymptomatic infection related to female urogenital system. A study conducted by De Glehn et al 13 also identified the high prevalence of TV infection among the samples studied and the infection was positively associated with the number of life time sex partners.Similarly, Malkappa et al 14 and Brooks-Smith-lowe et al 15 also reported the higher incidence of TV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Study of Trichomonas Vaginalis and Bacterial Vaginosis in Pap smear at a Tertiary Health Care Centre of Nepal

et al. 2020

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Cervical-vaginal infections are common problems in women of reproductive age presented with clinical features like white vaginal discharge, foul smelling odor and pruritis. Trichomonas vaginalis, Candidia and Gardnerella vaginalis are responsible for infectious vaginitis in creating anaerobic environment favoring Bacterial vaginosis caused by organisms like Gardnerella vaginalis, Chlamydia Trachomatis. Papanicolaou (Pap) smear examination is the simple, quick, painless routine screening test used for identification and detection of precancerous changes of uterine cervix as well as the cervico-vaginal infections resulting from bacterial, fungal and candida infections. The prime objective of the study was to identify the age wise distribution of cervical-vaginal infections and determine the frequency of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and Bacterial vaginosis (BV). A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. A total of 163 cases of TV and BV diagnosed on Pap smear were taken for the study. However, 564 Pap smears were received in the Department of Pathology for cytological evaluation during the study period. Once the smears were stained, the presence of clue cells, cannon balls and Trichomonas were observed. Out of 564 Pap smears received during the study period, 163 cases were of BV, TV and combined BV and TV. These 163 cases were included in our study. The age ranged from 20 to 65 years with majority (19.1%) of the women belonging to 35-39 years and the mean age was 38.18 ± 10.18 years. There were 97 cases (17.2%) of BV, 50 cases (8.9%) of TV and 16 cases (2.8%) of TV and BV co-infection. Bacterial vaginosis was the most predominant type of cervicovaginal infection followed by TV infection and TV and BV co-infections. Trichomonas vaginalis may create an environment favoring the development of BV. Pap screening could be the beneficial tool in early disease diagnosis and helps in preventing further complications by starting appropriate treatment.

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Pap Smear for Screening T. Vaginalis

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Cytomorphological spectrum of cervicovaginal infections and their prevalence with clinical correlation on pap smears: A three-year retrospective study

Cytomorphological spectrum of cervicovaginal infections and their prevalence with clinical correlation on pap smears: A three-year retrospective study

Study of Trichomonas Vaginalis and Bacterial Vaginosis in Pap smear at a Tertiary Health Care Centre of Nepal

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