Papaya (Carica papaya L.) seed as a potent functional feedstuff for poultry – A review

Abstract

The steady increase in the price of protein feed ingredients and the retraction of antibiotics from diets has encouraged nutritionists to search the alternatives for protein source and functional feedstuffs that can substitute the role of antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production. With crude protein of 24-30%, in vitro protein digestibility of 80% and proportion of essential amino acids of 47%, seed from ripe papaya may be exploited as the alternative protein feed ingredient for poultry. Moreover, the growth promoting effect, antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities, and immunomodulatory and antioxidative activities may confirm the potential of papaya seed as a functional feedstuff that could replace the role of antibiotic growth promoters for poultry. The in-depth study is needed to further elucidate the functionalities of papaya seed on poultry. This review provides the updates on the nutritional contents of papaya seed, the potential of papaya seed as an alternative to conventional protein-rich ingredient, the growth-promoting effect of feeding papaya seed, the antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities of papaya seed, antioxidative activities of papaya seed, and the immunomodulatory activity of papaya seed on poultry.

Evaluation of Phytochemical, Total phenolic and Antioxidant Activity of Carica Papaya Seed for Its Use in Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles

“…The data in agree with other study indicated that the plant rich in many substances, including crude proteins, fats, tocopherol, carotenoid, fiber, carbohydrates and ash [21,22]. Furthermore, Ocloo et al [23] indicated the existence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, reducing sugars, and terpenoids in aqueous and organic extract of dried C. Papaya seed.…”

“…Other studies showed that seed of papaya which indicated the presence of carbohydrate, glycosides, proteins, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins and steroids in C. Papaya seed [8,21]. Nevertheless, the C. Papaya seeds were used in Asia and South America, for decades as a vermifugal agent and its preparations have been used in folk medicine due to its abortive properties and to favor a good menstrual flow [9].…”

“…One of such plant is C. Papaya, a tropical fruit, member of the family Caricaceae, frequently shown as yellow-green, orange-red and yellow-orange shapes with a wealthy orange pulp. Entire parts of C. Papaya , bark , roots, fruits, seeds, peel and pulp defined as containing a medicinal characteristic [5,6]. It is a tropical plant with large number of dietary antioxidants (tocopherols, total phenols, vitamin C, and 𝛽-carotene), also, a potent phyto-components with antioxidant activity (benzyl isothiocyanate) [7,8].…”

“…These seeds are abundant in lipids (28.2 to 30.7%), in proteins (27.3 to 28.3%), and in crude fibers (19.1 to 22.6%). Moreover, considerable amounts of phosphorus and calcium in C. Papaya seeds; Also, existence of toxicants, like glucosinolates, was also distinguish [6,9]. Masson et al [10] identified many of bioactive components and fatty acid in the oil extracted from C. Papaya seed.…”

Invitro Membrane Stabilizing Potentials Of Fractionates Of Ethanolic Extract of Carica Papaya Leaf

“…Carica papaya is an evergreen shrub that grows best in full sun to light shade (Sugiharto, 2020). The papaya plant has been described in so many ways, which acknowledge the functional and structural and complexity of this giant tropical plant (Carvalho and Renner, 2013;Jiménez et al, 2014).…”