Papaya extract upregulates the immune and antioxidants‐related genes, and proteins expression in milk somatic cells of Friesian dairy cows

Abstract

Carica papaya is a perennial plant containing bioactive constituents with free radical‐scavenging and immune‐modulating activities. In contrast, the immune suppression is predominant in the periparturient period, where oxidative stress has a substantial impact on the mammary gland health. The aim of the experiment reported here was to determine the potential effect of C. papaya aqueous extract (CPE) on milk production traits, and expression of genes and proteins related to immune and antioxidant status in dairy milk somatic cells (MSCs). Forty Friesian dairy cows were divided equally between a control and CPE‐treated groups (orally drenched 250 µg/kg bwt, once weekly a month before expected parturition and continued until 5 months post‐partum). CPE did not affect milk yield or composition but upregulated the expression of β13‐defensin (DEFB13), cathelicidin 2 (CATHL2), cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CATHL3), hepcidin (HAMP), lysozyme (LYZ), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) in MSCs. The environmental micro‐organisms did not influence the levels of the transcripts. The DEFB13, CATHL2, CATHL3, HAMP and LYZ, but not β1‐defensin (DEFB1) transcripts and proteins were constitutively expressed in MSCs obtained from pathogen‐free udders. It could be concluded that CPE has immunostimulant and antioxidant activities; thereby, it could be utilized to minimize the occurrence of mastitis.

Response of Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry Indices, and Rumen Bacterial Diversity in Lambs to Diets Containing Supplemental Probiotics and Chinese Medicine Polysaccharides

“…Chinese medicine polysaccharides are secondary metabolites produced by Chinese herbs metabolism, and it contains more than 10 degrees of polymerization ( 6 , 7 ). A series of studies have shown that polysaccharides, including Astragalus polysaccharide and Lycium barbarum polysaccharide, can enhance immunity, are antioxidative, and can improve animal production performance ( 8 , 9 ). Astragalus polysaccharide is the extract of Astragalus membranaceus , which is often used to enhance immunity in traditional Chinese medicine.…”

Investigation of <em>in vitro</em> lactogenic action of selected Angolan plants ethnobotanically described to affect human breast milk

“…The constraint of this study is the lack of a control group. Another study investigating the impact of an aqueous C. papaya fruit extract on dairy cows revealed a regulatory effect on immune-and antioxidant related genes and proteins in the milk, but no impact on the milk yield [23] . The authors conclude that C. papaya might exert beneficial effects on mammary gland health, e.g.…”

“…influencing prolactin blood levels. Furthermore, the often ascribed breast milk cleaning effect might be based on other indirect mechanisms, for example an impact on mammary gland health by immune regulation as described for Carica papaya [23] . Those mechanisms could only be addressed applying in vivo assays.…”

Proanthocyanidin alleviates doxorubicin‐induced cardiac injury by inhibiting NF‐kB pathway and modulating oxidative stress, cell cycle, and fibrogenesis

“…In recent years, many researchers have explored the use of natural products for treating various ailments as they are inexpensive, readily available, and devoid of serious side effects. [ 29–43 ] To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the underlying mechanism(s) responsible for the prophylactic effect of PE on DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity. The well‐known cardiotoxicity of DOX has been associated with inflammation [ 8 ] and induction of oxidative stress.…”