Papaya fruits extracts enhance the antioxidant capacity and modulate the genotoxicity and oxidative stress in the kidney of rats fed ochratoxin A-contaminated diet

Abstract

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin widespread contaminates food and has potent nephrotoxicity. The present study aimed to determine total phenolics and DPPH radical scavenging activity for water and ethanolic extracts (WE and EE) of papaya fruits and evaluation of the protective role of these extracts against OTA-induced oxidative damage and nephrotoxicity in rats. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups and treated for 21 days as follow: the control group, OTA-treated group (3 mg/kg diet), WE or EE extracts treated groups (250 mg/kg b.w) and OTA plus WE or EE-treated groups. Blood and kidney samples were collected for different biochemical, cytogenetical and histological analyses. The results showed that WE and EE contained 408.54 and 296.85 g/kg total phenolic, respectively and DPPH radical scavenging activity was higher in WE than EE. Animals fed OTA-contaminated diet showed signs of toxicity as indicated by the significant decrease in body weight gain and food intake, the disturbances in kidney biochemical indices, increase DNA fragmentation and oxidative stress markers, the decrease in antioxidant enzymes activities and gene expression as well as severe histological and histochemical changes in the kidney tissues. Both extracts succeeded to counteract these alterations and WE was more effective than EE. These results concluded that papaya fruits extracts succeeded to a great extant to counteract the oxidative stress of OTA and to protect the kidney against its toxic effects and may be promising candidate as food supplement for the protection against OTA in high endemic area.

Genoprotective role of purslane methanol extract against somatic mutations induced by bifenthrin, a third generation prethyroid insecticide

“…DNA disruption and oxidative stress play an important role in numerous cancers and pathological disorders, including carcinogenesis and aging (Soltani et al 2009;Jacobsen-Pereira et al 2018). Numerous experiments have shown that plant-derived natural compounds demonstrate defensive behaviors against genotoxicity caused by oxidative stress (Plazar et al 2008;El-Nekeety et al 2017;Rahmouni et al 2018). Fruits and vegetables include many types of phytochemicals with antioxidant, anti-mutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties (Arora et al 2002;Shahidi & Ambigaipalan 2015;Janet al 2018).…”