Paper and Fiber-Based Bio-Diagnostic Platforms: Current Challenges and Future Needs

Hosseini, Samira; Vázquez-Villegas, Patricia; Martínez-Chapa, Sergio O.

doi:10.3390/app7080863

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 165 publications

(308 reference statements)

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“…For home use of point-of-care diagnostics, the most convenient and practical quantitative readout for lateral flow test is through modern mobile phones [ 46–48 ]. The digital cameras on most smartphones, nowadays, have equipped with autofocusing and automatic exposure level control.…”

Section: Rapid Lateral Flow Test For Detection Of Sars-cov-2 Nabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid lateral flow tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies

Wang¹,

Zhang²,

RICHARDSON³

et al. 2021

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics

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Background: Rapid Lateral Flow Test (LFT) has been broadly utilized in detection or diagnosis of numerous disease-related antigens and antibodies. It is the most popular format of point-of-care test (POCT) and quickest and easiest way to detect a targeted molecule. In the combat against COVID-19 pandemic, hundreds of POCTs have been developed and are commercially available now. They are designed to detect either a SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen or IgG and IgM antibodies binding to it. Among the binding antibodies, a special type of functional antibodies that block the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 virus and its human receptor, neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), are of particular interest to public as well as in vaccination management. However as of today, POCTs for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 NAbs remain under late stage of development. Scope and method: In this review, we first summarize the importance of awareness and monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 NAbs in the combat against COVID-19 pandemic. Secondly, we compare the available methods for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 NAbs. Next, we describe challenges in the development of a rapid lateral flow test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 NAbs. Finally, we outline its product formats and applications in research and in disease management. Conclusion: Vaccine effectiveness is unknown for an individual unless measured. NAb level is the most viable measurement for vaccine effectiveness or immunity. A broadly accessible NAb POCT is urgently needed.

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Section: Rapid Lateral Flow Test For Detection Of Sars-cov-2 Nabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid lateral flow tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies

Wang¹,

Zhang²,

RICHARDSON³

et al. 2021

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics

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“…However, in order to build robust and rapid PADs and EFBs, several factors should be considered, such as the specific material selection and the size and arrangement of the fibers; which, combined with the proper manufacturing process, can provide a customized paper to achieve the physical and chemical properties for multiple purposes in a single device [ 22 ]. This section will discuss the physical and chemical properties that are pivotal for the paper to perform the desired functions.…”

Section: Paper and Fibrous Materials As A Complete Platform For Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the fibrous nature of these materials, physical parameters are directly related to their constituent fibers. The capillary flow rate, surface area, porosity, permeability, and wettability, are determined by the length, diameter, density, and arrangement of the fibers [ 13 , 22 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Paper and Fibrous Materials As A Complete Platform For Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the case of conventional paper, manufacturing techniques might reduce its chemical reactivity due to the contamination by reagents required for the fabrication process itself [ 27 ]. Therefore, strategies to introduce additional reactive species to fiber surfaces, for example, carboxyl or amine groups, are continuously explored to obtain better interactions with paper [ 22 ]. Conversely, paper-like nanofibrous materials can be produced with reactive functional groups by electrospinning, a technique where a polymer solution or melt is subjected to an electrostatic field to produced polymer fibers with nanometer-scale diameters [ 28 ].…”

Section: Paper and Fibrous Materials As A Complete Platform For Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paper and Other Fibrous Materials—A Complete Platform for Biosensing Applications

et al. 2021

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Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) and Electrospun Fiber-Based Biosensors (EFBs) have aroused the interest of the academy and industry due to their affordability, sensitivity, ease of use, robustness, being equipment-free, and deliverability to end-users. These features make them suitable to face the need for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, monitoring, environmental, and quality food control applications. Our work introduces new and experienced researchers in the field to a practical guide for fibrous-based biosensors fabrication with insight into the chemical and physical interaction of fibrous materials with a wide variety of materials for functionalization and biofunctionalization purposes. This research also allows readers to compare classical and novel materials, fabrication techniques, immobilization methods, signal transduction, and readout. Moreover, the examined classical and alternative mathematical models provide a powerful tool for bioanalytical device designing for the multiple steps required in biosensing platforms. Finally, we aimed this research to comprise the current state of PADs and EFBs research and their future direction to offer the reader a full insight on this topic.

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“…In the last decade, cellulose based papers have been used as substrate in bio-diagnostic to identify pathogens, and to quantify biomolecules interactions (Then and Garnier, 2013). Cellulose based bio-diagnostics are typically used as dipstick (Free et al, 1957; Hosseini et al, 2017), or microfluidics (Martinez et al, 2010; Uddin et al, 2019) to interact with biomolecules. In particular, cellulose paper for blood typing takes half a minute to provide direct evidence, and visual readout outcome of blood groups (Then et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose Nano-Films as Bio-Interfaces

Raghuwanshi

Garnier

2019

Front. Chem.

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Cellulose, the most abundant polymer on earth, has enormous potential in developing bio-friendly, and sustainable technological products. In particular, cellulose films of nanoscale thickness (1–100 nm) are transparent, smooth (roughness <1 nm), and provide a large surface area interface for biomolecules immobilization and interactions. These attractive film properties create many possibilities for both fundamental studies and applications, especially in the biomedical field. The three liable—OH groups on the monomeric unit of the cellulose chain provide schemes to chemically modify the cellulose interface and engineer its properties. Here, the cellulose thin film serves as a substrate for biomolecules interactions and acts as a support for bio-diagnostics. This review focuses on the challenges and opportunities provided by engineering cellulose thin films for controlling biomolecules interactions. The first part reviews the methods for preparing cellulose thin films. These are by dispersing or dissolving pure cellulose or cellulose derivatives in a solvent to coat a substrate using the spin coating, Langmuir-Blodgett, or Langmuir-Schaefer method. It is shown how different cellulose sources, preparation, and coating methods and substrate surface pre-treatment affect the film thickness, roughness, morphology, crystallinity, swelling in water, and homogeneity. The second part analyses the bio-macromolecules interactions with the cellulose thin film interfaces. Biomolecules, such as antibodies and enzymes, are adsorbed at the cellulose-liquid interface, and analyzed dry and wet. This highlights the effect of film surface morphology, thickness, crystallinity, water intake capacity, and surface pre-treatment on biomolecule adsorption, conformation, coverage, longevity, and activity. Advance characterization of cellulose thin film interface morphology and adsorbed biomolecules interactions are next reviewed. X-ray and neutron scattering/reflectivity combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), microscopy, and ellipsometer allow visualizing, and quantifying the structural morphology of cellulose-biomolecule interphase and the respective biomolecules conformations, kinetics, and sorption mechanisms. This review provides a novel insight on the advantages and challenges of engineering cellulose thin films for biomedical applications. This is to foster the exploration at the molecular level of the interaction mechanisms between a cellulose interface and adsorbed biomolecules with respect to adsorbed molecules morphology, surface coverage, and quantity. This knowledge is to engineer a novel generation of efficient and functional biomedical devices.

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Paper and Fiber-Based Bio-Diagnostic Platforms: Current Challenges and Future Needs

Cited by 24 publications

References 165 publications

Rapid lateral flow tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies

Rapid lateral flow tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies

Paper and Other Fibrous Materials—A Complete Platform for Biosensing Applications

Cellulose Nano-Films as Bio-Interfaces

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