Paper-based plasma sanitizers

Xie, Jingjin; Chen, Qiang; Suresh, Poornima; Roy, Subrata; White, James F.; Mazzeo, Aaron D.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1621203114

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To fabricate the paper-based capacitive sensors with interdigitated electrodes, we used laser-based ablation (Versa VLS 2.3 Laser Cutter, Universal Laser Systems, Inc., Scottsdale, AZ, USA) to etch through the conductive layer of metallized paper (AR Metallizing, Ltd., Franklin, MA, USA; see Figure S4 ). This technique for fabricating the paper-based capacitive sensing units is in a similar fashion as previous work [ 4 , 29 ]. The laser with the appropriate parameters (12.6% power, 100% speed and 500 PPI (pulses per inch)) cut through a top insulating coat and removed a 10 nm-thick layer of aluminum from the metallized paper without completely penetrating through the cellulose-based substrate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Skin, the largest organ of the human body, is capable of detecting human-environment interactions, but current humanoids, prosthetics and wearable devices lack spatial sensors with capabilities comparable to human skin. There are ongoing efforts to reduce cost of, complexity of and impediments to the manufacturability of skin-like sensors on substrates ranging from plastic films, to elastomers, to glass, to paper [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. An ideal skin-like tactile sensor might be flexible, scalable, capable of detecting force/pressure and provide protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Arrayed Force Sensors Made of Paper, Elastomer, and Hydrogel Particles

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article presents a sensor for detecting the distribution of forces on a surface. The device with nine buttons consisted of an elastomer-based layer as a touch interface resting on a substrate of patterned metallized paper. The elastomer-based layer included a three-by-three array of deformable, hemispherical elements/reliefs, facing down toward an array of interdigitated capacitive sensing units on patterned metallized paper. Each hemispherical element is 20 mm in diameter and 8 mm in height. When a user applied pressure to the elastomer-based layer, the contact area between the hemispherical elements and the interdigitated capacitive sensing units increased with the deformation of the hemispherical elements. To enhance the sensitivity of the sensors, embedded particles of hydrogel in the elastomer-based layer increased the measured electrical responses. The measured capacitance increased because the effective dielectric permittivity of the hydrogel was greater than that of air. Electromechanical characterization verified that the hydrogel-filled elastomer was more sensitive to force at a low range of loads (23.4 pF/N) than elastomer alone without embedded hydrogel (3.4 pF/N), as the hydrogel reduced the effective elastic modulus of the composite material by a factor of seven. A simple demonstration suggests that the force-sensing array has the potential to contribute to wearable and soft robotic devices.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrayed Force Sensors Made of Paper, Elastomer, and Hydrogel Particles

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This electronic layout with only two wired leads—excitation and ground—was capable of detecting human touch and dispensed water at defined spatial locations. The method of fabrication is simple with the resistive networks and sensors etched into a single sheet of metallized paper . Paper, as a material, continues to receive attention as a substrate for low‐cost flexible electronics .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paper, as a material, continues to receive attention as a substrate for low‐cost flexible electronics . Developments and applications in papertronics have included transistors, energy storage and harvesting, pressure sensors, force sensors, touch sensors, digital logic, sanitizers, oxygen generation, fuel cells, metamaterial‐based chemical detection, and electrochemical detectors …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper‐Based Resistive Networks for Scalable Skin‐Like Sensing

Zou

Chen

Liang

et al. 2018

Adv Elect Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

user interface. In other words, increasing resolution or adding sites for the detection of touch, generally requires augmenting the number of interconnects. With the exception of using a single electrode-based sensing technique to make natural and inanimate objects become user interfaces, there has been a lack of effort in the reduction of the number of wired leads required for scalable sensing of touch. [9] In contrast to electronic touch sensors, skin on humans/vertebrates uses hierarchical neural networks to transmit the relative spatial detection and intensity of force on fleshy surfaces to the brain. [10] These neural networks do not depend on having a pair of running wires for each location. Instead, they have developed mechanisms for sending spatial information about touch along the spinal cord. Inspired by this concept, Tee et al. presented a skininspired organic digital mechanoreceptor, which converted force-based stimuli into digital signals with varied frequencies to mimic the communication between biological mechanoreceptors and the brain. [11] Similarly, there are opportunities to build electrical networks to reduce the number of wired leads required for spatial detection of touch on synthetic electronic skins.The advancements in skin-like sensing with flexible electronics have moved toward the design and fabrication of active electronic components arrayed on flexible sheets with surface areas less than 10 cm in diameter. [12][13][14][15][16] For example, Someya and co-workers demonstrated an application of thin-film transistors in skin-like sensors capable of measuring distributed pressures over a 9 cm × 9 cm footprint. [12] The size of the sensors is typically dependent on the method of fabrication, and current skin-like sensors often cover small areas (i.e., much less area than that of human skin) because of the limited size of semiconductor-based wafers. As mentioned previously, the number of wired leads in conventional arrays of skin-like sensors increases with the square root of the number of buttons. While this scaling may appear favorable, there are still difficulties with making large sensing grids, as a larger quantity of traces requires more space for wired connections and multiplexed measurements.In this work, we present an approach to passive sensing for skin-like sensors consisting of tunable resistive networks and This work presents a unique approach to the design, fabrication, and characterization of paper-based, skin-like sensors that use patterned resistive networks for passive, scalable sensing with a reduced number of interconnects. When touched or wetted with water, the sensors in the resistive networks detect significant changes in electrical impedance. Fabricating these resistive networks and sensors in a single sheet of metallized paper reduces the number of distinct inputs/outputs to the arrayed sensors. For human-electrode interactions, circuit-based models guide the design/material processing of the resistive networks and selection of operating frequencies-typically ranging...

show abstract

“…Due to its low cost, biodegradability, and renewability, among other properties, paper is being investigated as a functional material for disruptive applications such as interactive surfaces [1], skin-like sensing [2], rapid prototyping of electronics [3], computing [4] and many others. The mathematics of origami and kirigami, contemporized with laser cutting ([5,6]), enable non-planar paper products such as pop-ables [7], foldable circuit boards [8] and three-dimensional actuators ([9,10]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper-Based Magneto-Resistive Sensor: Modeling, Fabrication, Characterization, and Application

Akin

Pratt

Blackburn

et al. 2018

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, we developed and fabricated a paper-based anisotropic magneto-resistive sensor using a sputtered permalloy (Ni81Fe19) thin film. To interpret the characteristics of the sensor, we proposed a computational model to capture the influence of the stochastic fiber network of the paper surface and to explain the physics behind the empirically observed difference in paper-based anisotropic magneto-resistance (AMR). Using the model, we verified two main empirical observations: (1) The stochastic fiber network of the paper substrate induces a shift of 45∘ in the AMR response of the paper-based Ni81Fe19 thin film compared to a Ni81Fe19 film on a smooth surface as long as the fibrous topography has not become buried. (2) The ratio of magnitudes of AMR peaks at different anisotropy angles and the inverted AMR peak at the 90∘-anisotropy angle are explained through the superposition of the responses of Ni81Fe19 inheriting the fibrous topography and smoother Ni81Fe19 on buried fibrous topographies. As for the sensitivity and reproducibility of the sensor signal, we obtained a maximum AMR peak of 0.4%, min-max sensitivity range of [0.17,0.26]%, average asymmetry of peak location of 2.7 kAnormalm within two consecutive magnetic loading cycles, and a deviation of 250–850 normalAnormalm of peak location across several anisotropy angles at a base resistance of ∼100 Ω. Last, we demonstrated the usability of the sensor in two educational application examples: a textbook clicker and interactive braille flashcards.

show abstract

Paper-based plasma sanitizers

Cited by 40 publications

References 45 publications

Arrayed Force Sensors Made of Paper, Elastomer, and Hydrogel Particles

Arrayed Force Sensors Made of Paper, Elastomer, and Hydrogel Particles

Paper‐Based Resistive Networks for Scalable Skin‐Like Sensing

Paper-Based Magneto-Resistive Sensor: Modeling, Fabrication, Characterization, and Application

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About