Paper imbibition for timing of multi-step liquid handling protocols on event-triggered centrifugal microfluidic lab-on-a-disc platforms

Kinahan, David J.; Kearney, Sinéad M.; Faneuil, Olivier P.; Glynn, Macdara; Dimov, Nikolay; Ducrée, Jens

doi:10.1039/c4ra14887h

Cited by 49 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Event-triggered valving circumvents this restriction [6][7]. Here, the arrival of liquid at defined locations on the disc coordinates a sequential opening of valves; valve actuation is thus decoupled from changes in the spin rate and support instrumentation.…”

Section: Digital Flow Control Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the recently introduced, event-triggered flow control scheme [6,7], highly functional microfluidic circuits can be assembled in a modular fashion from a limited set of LUOs to implement a broad repertoire of multi-step, multi-reagent bioassay protocols in a sample-toanswer fashion. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the chips could be progressively miniaturized to significantly enhance integration density (i.e., the number of assay steps and/ or tests per disc) and thus boost the overall cost efficiency and functionality of the LoaD platform.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Lumped-Element Modeling for Rapid Design and Simulation of Digital Centrifugal Microfluidic Systems

Mohammadi¹,

Kinahan²,

Ducrée³

2016

Lab-on-a-Chip Fabrication and Application

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Since the 1990s, centrifugal microfluidic platforms have evolved into a mature technology for the automation of bioanalytical assays in decentralized settings. These "Lab-ona-Disc" (LoaD) systems have already implemented a range of laboratory unit operations (LUOs) such as sample loading, liquid transport, metering, aliquoting, routing, mixing, and washing. By assembling these LUOs in highly functional microfluidic networks, including sample preparation and detection, a sizable portfolio of common test formats such as general chemistry, immunoassays/ protein analysis, nucleic acid testing, and cell counting has been established. The availability of these bioanalytical assay types enables a broad range of applications in fields such as life-science research, biomedical point-ofcare testing and veterinary diagnostics, as well as agrifood, environmental, infrastructural, and industrial monitoring.Recently, a new method of the so-called "event-triggered" flow control has been developed which is independent of the spin rate. These valves, which function in a handshake mode as opposed to the typically batchwise liquid transfers on the "Lab-on-a-Disc" (LoaD) platform, assume a similarly pivotal role as relays and transistors in digital electronics, allowing conditional, logical (flow) control elements. This chapter will describe the modeling of this new generation of "digital" centrifugal microfluidic systems with lowdimensional, lumped-element simulations which have already been instrumental to the modern success story of modern microelectronics.

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Section: Digital Flow Control Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumped-Element Modeling for Rapid Design and Simulation of Digital Centrifugal Microfluidic Systems

Mohammadi¹,

Kinahan²,

Ducrée³

2016

Lab-on-a-Chip Fabrication and Application

Self Cite

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“…Nwankire et al 17,18 built on this system by integrating and automating multistep bioassay protocols actuated by the dissolvable-film-based centrifugopneumatic valving scheme. Kinahan et al advanced this sacrificial technology to an event-triggered valving paradigm that enables the more dynamic control of fluids on a centrifugal microfluidic platform 19,20 . Dimov et al 21 combined a hydrophobic membrane and dissolvable film to improve on-disc solid-phase purification of nucleic acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-selective graphene oxide membranes for advanced microfluidic flow control

et al. 2016

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For the first time, we harness the unique phase-selectivity of chip-integrated graphene oxide (GO) membranes to significantly enhance flow control on centrifugal microfluidic platforms. In this paper, we present novel processes for the assembly of these GO membranes into polymeric microfluidic systems and demonstrate that multilayer GO membranes allow the passage of water while blocking pressurized air and organic solutions.

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“…While it is hard to make a general statement, active mixers tend to significantly accelerate mixing; however, they are typically more complicated to fabricate and integrate, and more complex to control.Passive mixers use the hydrodynamic energy, e.g., provided by a pressure difference created by a pump, gravity or centrifugal force, to restructure the liquid flows in such ways that fast mixing is promoted. Examples for passive mixing principles are bas/relief structures incorporated in the channel walls to induce advection in a liquid flow [63] and multi-lamination of flow [64], e.g., through split-and-recombine strategies [65,66].Mixing principles using the specific effects on centrifugal lab-on-a-disc platforms [67] include Coriolis-force induced split-and-recombine [68], advection [69], reciprocating flow induced by centrifugo-pneumatic pumping [52,70], mixing enhanced by the Euler force through periodically changing angular acceleration [71,72] and/or magnetic beads [51], mixing by use of chemically generated bubbles [73], and mixing enhanced by deformation of soft chamber walls [74,75]. Mixing can also be enhanced through external pumping such as provision of external air sources [76,77].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mixing principles using the specific effects on centrifugal lab-on-a-disc platforms [67] include Coriolis-force induced split-and-recombine [68], advection [69], reciprocating flow induced by centrifugo-pneumatic pumping [52,70], mixing enhanced by the Euler force through periodically changing angular acceleration [71,72] and/or magnetic beads [51], mixing by use of chemically generated bubbles [73], and mixing enhanced by deformation of soft chamber walls [74,75]. Mixing can also be enhanced through external pumping such as provision of external air sources [76,77].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Siphon-Induced Droplet Break-Off for Enhanced Mixing on a Centrifugal Platform

Burger¹,

Kinahan

Cayron

et al. 2019

Inventions

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We present a powerful and compact batch-mode mixing and dilution technique for centrifugal microfluidic platforms. Siphon structures are designed to discretize continuous flows into a sequence of droplets of volumes as low as 100 nL. Using a passive, self-regulating 4-step mechanism, discrete volumes of two fluids are alternatingly issued into a common intermediate chamber. At its base, a capillary valve acts as a fluidic shift register; a single droplet is held in place while two or more droplets merge and pass through the capillary stop. These merged droplets are advectively mixed as they pass through the capillary valve and into the receiving chamber. Mixing is demonstrated for various combinations of liquids such as aqueous solutions as well as saline solutions and human plasma. The mixing quality is assessed on a quantitative scale by using a colorimetric method based on the mixing of potassium thiocyanate and iron(III) chloride, and in the case of human plasma using a spectroscopic method. For instance, volumes of 5 µL have been mixed in less than 20 s. Single-step dilutions up to 1:5 of plasma in a standard phosphate buffer solution are also demonstrated. This work describes the preliminary development of the mixing method which has since been integrated into a commercially available microfluidic cartridge.Inventions 2020, 5, 1 2 of 14 microfluidic systems constitute a subset which uses the rotation of the chip, which is typically of a similar geometry as a Compact Disc™ or DVD™, to enable most pumping and valving operations. These systems can be further sub-divided into 'Bioanalytical Screening CDs' and 'Lab-on-a-Disc (LoaD)'. Bioanalytical screening CDs focus on adapting optical disc drive (ODD) technology (e.g., Compact Disc, DVD) for biological detection [9]. This technology takes advantage of the high-density data storage capability as well as the favorable pricing for its main constituents, i.e., the optical pickup unit, the spindle drive, and the optical disc substrates [10][11][12][13][14].The LoaD [15][16][17][18][19][20] is typically used to automate the standard laboratory steps conducted in a biology lab to enable a fully automated sample-to-answer system. The LoaD is particularly applicable for deployment in the field (point-of-use) or at the hospital bed-side (point-of-care) as the chips can be loaded at atmospheric pressure (via pipette or syrette) without issues regarding sealing or priming. The use of centrifugation for pumping also reduces the cost and complexity of support instrumentation as just low-cost spindle motors are required rather than specialized micropumps. Similarly, inherent centrifugation of samples [21][22][23] applied to sample preparation is a particular strength.The technological precursor of these systems are the centrifugal analyzers which became popular in the 1970s and 1980s [24] for automating a very limited number of simple assay steps, on rather macroscopic sample volumes, and readout on a rotor-based instrument. Currently the main areas of application are immuno...

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Paper imbibition for timing of multi-step liquid handling protocols on event-triggered centrifugal microfluidic lab-on-a-disc platforms

Abstract: Imbibition of liquid along a paper strip offers enhanced flow control of dissolvable film valve on the centrifugal platform.

Cited by 49 publications

References 47 publications

Lumped-Element Modeling for Rapid Design and Simulation of Digital Centrifugal Microfluidic Systems

Lumped-Element Modeling for Rapid Design and Simulation of Digital Centrifugal Microfluidic Systems

Phase-selective graphene oxide membranes for advanced microfluidic flow control

Siphon-Induced Droplet Break-Off for Enhanced Mixing on a Centrifugal Platform

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