Papillary architecture of the lingual surface in the puma (Puma concolor)

Abstract

SummaryThis research presents the first anatomical description of the tongue and lingual papillae of the mountain lion (puma). The tongues of three adult male pumas were used in this study. The tongues were dissected and studied firstly by gross and stereomicroscopy. Samples of each part were processed by study with scanning electron microscopy. The margins of the lingual apex were surrounded by numerous filiform papillae, which had a bulky papillary body and a bifurcated tip. On the dorsal surface of the lingual apex, filiform papillae were remarkably pointed and had many secondary projections, which emerged from the base of the main papilla. In the rostral half of the lingual body, filiform papillae were longer, cylindrical and had blunt tips. On the caudal half of the lingual body, filiform papillae gave place to conical ones exhibiting a pointed tip. The fungiform papillae were scattered on the whole dorsal surface of the tongue.On each lateral half of the tongue, four circumvallate papillae were observed and each circumvallate papilla was surrounded by thick and horseshoe-like annular pad, which were composed by pointed conical papillae on the caudal border of the lingual body.The dorsal surface of the circumvallate papilla was covered by many finger-like protrusion, and the tip of each protrusion had a central orifice. Anatomical distribution of lingual papillae was different to other carnivores and represents the adaptation to the feeding habits of this mammal. General morphology of the lingual structures was similar to those of the tiger.

Morphology of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)tongue

“…Morphological data, particularly on tongue of different species of fish, are present in literature (Abbate et al., 2006, 2017; Abbate, Guerrera, Montalbano, Ciriaco, & Germanà, 2012; Abbate, Guerrera, Montalbano, De Carlos, et al, 2012; Collar, O'Meara, Wainwright, & Near, 2009; Dos Santos, Arantes, Santiago, & Santos, 2015; El Bakary, 2014; Elgendy, Alsafy, & Tanekhy, 2016; Guerrera et al., 2015; Ikpegbu, Ibe, & Nlebedum, 2019; Levanti et al., 2017; Mahmoud, Essa, & Sayed, 2016; Montalbano et al, 2016; Price et al., 2010; Sadeghinezhad, Rahmati‐Holasoo, Fayyaz, & Zargar, 2015; Yashpal, Kumari, Mittal, & Mittal, 2009). Nevertheless, recent data regarding the tongue anatomy in upper vertebrates are significative and could be very important in comparative anatomy (Abbate et al., 2008, 2009, ; Emura, 2016a, 2016b, 2016c, 2017, 2018a, 2018b, 2018c, 2018d; Emura & Sugiyama, 2016; Erdogan & Alan, 2012; Erdoğan & Iwasaki, 2014; Erdoğan, Lima, & Pérez, 2016; Erdoğan & Sağsöz, 2018; Erdoğan, Villar Arias, & Pérez, 2016; Erdoğan, Villar, König, & Pérez, 2018; Herrel, Redding, Meyers, & Nishikawa, 2014; Jackowiak, Skieresz‐Szewczyk, Godynicki, Iwasaki, & Meyer, 2011; Jackowiak, Skieresz‐Szewczyk, Kwiecińsk, Trzcielińska‐Lorych, & Godynicki, 2010; Sadeghinezhad et al., 2015; Sadeghinezhad, Sheibani, Memarian, & Chiocchetti, 2017; Sadeghinezhad, Tootian, & Javadi, 2018; Skieresz‐Szewczyk, Cornillie, & Jackowiak, 2018; Skieresz‐Szewczyk & Jackowiak, 2016, 2017; Skieresz‐Szewczyk, Jackowiak, & Ratajczak, 2018, 2019). The objective of this study is to investigate, by light, laser confocal and scanning electron microscopy, the morphological characteristics of the tongue, considering the importance of the correlations between feeding habits and...…”

“…Morphological data, particularly on tongue of different species of fish, are present in literature (Abbate et al, 2006(Abbate et al, , 2017Abbate, Guerrera, Montalbano, Ciriaco, & Germanà, 2012; Abbate, Guerrera, Montalbano, De Carlos, et al, 2012;Collar, O'Meara, Wainwright, & Near, 2009;Dos Santos, Arantes, Santiago, & Santos, 2015;El Bakary, 2014;Elgendy, Alsafy, & Tanekhy, 2016;Guerrera et al, 2015;Ikpegbu, Ibe, & Nlebedum, 2019;Levanti et al, 2017;Mahmoud, Essa, & Sayed, 2016;Montalbano et al, 2016;Price et al, 2010;Sadeghinezhad, Rahmati-Holasoo, Fayyaz, & Zargar, 2015;Yashpal, Kumari, Mittal, & Mittal, 2009). Nevertheless, recent data regarding the tongue anatomy in upper vertebrates are significative and could be very important in comparative anatomy (Abbate et al, 2008(Abbate et al, , 2009Emura, 2016aEmura, , 2016bEmura, , 2016cEmura, , 2017Emura, , 2018aEmura, , 2018bEmura, , 2018cEmura, , 2018dEmura & Sugiyama, 2016;Erdogan & Alan, 2012;Erdoğan & Iwasaki, 2014;Erdoğan, Lima, & Pérez, 2016;Erdoğan & Sağsöz, 2018;Erdoğan, Villar Arias, & Pérez, 2016;Erdoğan, Villar, König, & Pérez, 2018;Herrel, Redding, Meyers, & Nishikawa, 2014;Jackowiak, Skieresz-Szewczyk, Godynicki, Iwasaki, & Meyer, 2011;…”

Anatomical, histological and immunohistochemical study of the tongue in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

“…The most of the functional processes inside the oral cavity are carried out by the tongue, whose presence and description have been showed in different species of fish, demonstrating the variation in the presence of anatomical structures like taste buds, mucous cells and teeth in teleosts, also of commercial interest (Abbate et al., 2006,2017,2020a,2020b; Abbate, Guerrera, Montalbano, Ciriaco, et al., 2012; Abbate, Guerrera, Montalbano, De Carlos, et al., 2012; Alsafy, Bassuoni, & Hanafy, 2018; Amato et al., 2012; Dos Santos, Arantes, Santiago, & Dos Santos, 2015; El Bakary, 2014; Elgendy, Alsafy, & Tanekhy, 2016; Germanà et al., 2009; Guerrera et al., 2015; Ikpegbu, Ibe, & Nlebedum, 2019; Kasumyan, 2019; Kettratad, Senarat, Boonyoung, & Jiraungkoorsku, 2017; Levanti et al., 2017; Mahmoud, Essa, & Sayed, 2016; Sadeghinezhad, Rahmati‐holasoo, Fayyaz, & Zargar, 2015; Sayed, Mahmoud, & Essa, 2019; Yu et al., 2019). Several significant papers, important as comparative data, are present in the literature in upper vertebrates like birds, reptiles and mammals (Abbate et al, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2020b; Abumandour & Kandyel, 2020; Barbosa et al., 2020; Bels et al., 2020; Cizek, Hamouzova, Goździewska‐Harłajczuk, Klećkowska‐Nawrot, & Kvapil, 2020; Cizek, Hamouzova, Kvapil, & Kyllar, 2019; Emura, 2016a,2016b,2016c,2017,2018a,2018b,2018c,2018d,2019; Erdoğan & Alan, 2012; Erdoğan & Iwasaki, 2014; Erdoğan Lima & Pérez, 2016; Erdoğan Villar Arias & Pérez, 2016; Erdoğan, Villar Arias, et al., 2016; Erdoğan et al., 2018a; Erdoğan and Sağsöz, 2018b; Freire et al., 2019; Gonçalves et al., …”

Morphological structure of the tongue of the European badger (Meles meles)

“…In the silver fox [7], puma [19], tiger [18], young lion [16] and Carnivora [12,20], the filiform papillae are found from the apex linguae to the radix linguae on the dorsal surface of the tongue. In addition, these papillae are seen on the ventral surface of the tongue, especially lateral edges in the tiger [18], in puma [19], young lion [16] and silver fox [7].…”

“…Many studies have been conducted to investigate the tongue of different animals using scanning electron microscopic (SEM), histological, morphological or functional analyses. Among the animals investigated are the civet cat [6], silver fox [7], porcupine [8,9], mice [10], Asian black bear and panther [11], bush dog [12], Japanese badger [13] and mongoose [14,15]. The aim of this study was to determine the possible SEM, histological and morphological changes in the papillae and tongue of the European badger.…”