Parabens and Their Metabolites in Pet Food and Urine from New York State, United States

Karthikraj, Rajendiran; Borkar, Sonali; Lee, Sun-Mi

doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b05981

Cited by 47 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The age- and gender-related differences in PFAS concentrations in pet feces were described only for those compounds that were detected in more than 60% of the samples (Table ). We categorized dogs and cats into three different age groups for the comparison of concentrations [(i) young, ≤2 years; (ii) adult, >2–5 years; (iii) old, ≥5 years], according to a previous study . There were no significant differences in fecal PFAS concentrations among the three age groups.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Excretion of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Pets from New York State, United States

Zhu

Kannan

2020

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) continues to be a concern. Little is known about their toxicokinetics, particularly with regard to fecal excretion of PFASs. Because pets are sentinels of human exposure to environmental contaminants, analysis of PFASs in pet feces can provide information about rates of excretion of these chemicals. In this study, 15 PFASs were measured in cat and dog feces collected from the Albany area of New York State. All PFASs except perfluorodecanesulfonate and perfluoroheptanoic acid were found in cat and dog feces. The sum concentrations of 13 PFASs (∑PFAS) varied between 21.6 and 474 (mean: 85.4 ± 94.5) ng/g dry weight for dogs, which were slightly higher than those found for cats (range: 18.0–165 ng/g dry weight, mean: 54.7 ± 26.9 ng/g dry weight). Long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids with 9–12 carbons (perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorodecanoic acid, perfluoroundecanoic acid, and perfluorododecanoic acid) were predominant in pet feces. Perfluorooctanesulfonate and its precursors were found at low concentrations. Fecal excretion rates of PFASs in cats and dogs were found to be similar. The estimated daily fecal excretion suggested that both dogs and cats are exposed to some PFASs at doses above the provisional minimum risk level recommended for humans.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Excretion of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Pets from New York State, United States

Zhu

Kannan

2020

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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“…The relationship between advanced age and the development of hyperthyroidism might be explained, among other things, by the longer exposure to the substances that potentially act as endocrine disruptors, or by the simple fact that pathological thyroid changes related to hyperthyroidism are consequences of the aging process. As for the sex distribution, in contrast to the researches from New Zealand [4] and a London [12] which identified a higher predisposition for hyperthyroidism in females, the present study showed no significant difference in gender exposure in the studied population, in agreement with previous studies performed in the Ireland, the United Kingdom and Hong Kong [1,10,13]. However, the greater percentage of females in certain studies may represent a bias since eventually the females are more likely to reach an advanced age in relation to males due to the habits of the latter.…”

Section: Journal Of Endocrinology and Thyroid Research Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Parabens, in their turn, are used as preservatives for various products, including cosmetics. Just over a decade ago, the effects of these products on the thyroid were not investigated, but the interest in this subject is increasing and researchers are beginning to develop studies in this direction [12,19]. Recently, a study analyzed 60 urine samples from dogs and cats and demonstrated that parabens metabolites, notably benzoic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, were the most abundantly detected chemicals.…”

Section: Journal Of Endocrinology and Thyroid Research Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk-Factor Analysis for Feline Hyperthyroidism in the Metropolitan Area of Porto Alegre: A Pilot Case-Control Study

Barbieri¹

2019

JETR

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Background: Hyperthyroidism is the most common endocrinopathy in elderly cats and its prevalence varies greatly geographically. Since it was first described in 1979, it has shown a continuously increasing incidence. This fact has given rise to several hypothesis, and studies about the effects of endocrine disruptors on human and animal health are in full development. Aging, bisphenol-A and other endocrine disruptors present in the dust, were already documented as risk factors for feline hyperthyroidism. The aim of this study was to perform a risk analysis on the habits and lifestyle variables of domestic cats and their owners, and its possible relationship with feline hyperthyroidism. Materials, Methods and Results:Retrospective case-control epidemiological study. A 30-questions questionnaire was applied to owners of 28 hyperthyroid cats as well as to owners of 55 euthyroid cats aging more than eight-years (n:m) and living in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre -RS. Criteria for hyperthyroidism diagnosis was assumed as compatible clinical presentation confirmed by elevated serum thyroxine concentration. Euthyroid control cats were selected by convenience from hospital medical records based on the absence of hyperthyroidism diagnosis and age. Univariate odds ratio (OR) and respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI) analysis was performed for each of the 22 variables surveyed. Exact Fischer´s test was performed to determine P-value, which was considered significant if P < 0.05. Student´s unpaired t-test was applied for age comparison between groups. Mean age of hyperthyroid cats was 13.2 ± 2.7 years (range: 7-18), while euthyroid cats mean age was 11.6 ± 2.4 years (range: 8-16) (P < 0.01). Higher exposure to canned foods was considered as a risk factor for hyperthyroidism in this population (OR = 2.87; 95% CI = 1.1 -7.5; P = 0.032) as well as aging more than 12-years-old (OR = 3.14; 95% CI = 1.10 -8.97; P = 0.048). Likewise, weekly or monthly bathing frequency represented a strong risk factor in those hyperthyroid cats studied (OR = 7.57; 95% CI = 1.41 -40.55; P = 0.013). Regarding other items surveyed, such as the use of plastic accessories, contact with domestic dust, use of endoparasiticides, ectoparasiticides and vaccines, it was not possible to identify any association of these variables as risk or protective factors.Discussion: Even with a modest sample size, these results were in accordance with previous studies that analyzed hundreds of cats showing that advanced age, as well as the consumption of canned foods, are risk factors for the development of the disease. This study also raised the possibility of a risk factor related to frequent bathing. The explanation would be due to the possible presence of endocrine disruptors in cosmetic products used for bathing. This hypothesis needs further studies, since previous recommendations on hyperthyroidism preventive management suggests that bathing could have a protective effect since it cleans off the dust particles present in the fur. However, evidences that t...

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“…In one study in New York State, parabens were found in all samples of dog (n=23) and cat (n=35) food and all urine samples from 30 dogs and 30 cats (n=30) (Karthikraj et al . 2018). Dry foods contained higher levels than wet food.…”

Section: Additives Associated With Safety Issues In People and Animal Species Other Than Dogs And Catsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additives in pet food: are they safe?

Craig¹

2021

J of Small Animal Practice

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A good, nutritious diet is essential for the health and well‐being of our domestic pets. Today, most pet dogs and cats are fed highly processed food bearing little resemblance to canine and feline ancestral diets. Additives are included in processed pet food to provide nutritional benefits, ensure food safety, and maintain the desirable features of colour, flavour, texture, stability and resistance to spoilage. This paper reviews the safety of various additives in processed pet food. Labelling, safety assessment, and ethical concerns regarding existing toxicity testing procedures are also considered. The adequacy of testing for many additives and the scientific basis for determining safety are questioned. Additives can be synthetic or ‘natural’ although the distinction can be blurred when naturally derived substances are synthesised in the laboratory, or extracted using a high level of physical and chemical processing. Although additives play important roles in processed food production, updated strategies and technologies may be required to establish their safety in the pet food industry.

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Parabens and Their Metabolites in Pet Food and Urine from New York State, United States

Cited by 47 publications

References 45 publications

Fecal Excretion of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Pets from New York State, United States

Fecal Excretion of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Pets from New York State, United States

Risk-Factor Analysis for Feline Hyperthyroidism in the Metropolitan Area of Porto Alegre: A Pilot Case-Control Study

Additives in pet food: are they safe?

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