had skeletal involvement. However, the bony growth disturbances were found to affect all bones distal to the level of the compression equally. In our case there was a random pattern of bony growth disturbance. Neonatal forearm compartment syndrome secondary to a proven cause of intra-uterine external compression has not been reported. Various proposed causes of external compression include postural deformities (Dunn, 1976), amniotic band constriction (Kline and Russell Moore, 1992), umbilical cord loops (Perricone and Granata, 1982) and compression during delivery (Tsujino and Hooper, 1997). There was no clear evidence for any of these mechanisms in the report of 24 cases of forearm compartment syndrome (Ragland III et al., 2005). In our child we saw the compressing umbilical cord loop at delivery. One can only postulate that the differing grades of distal bony disturbance are secondary to differing levels of ischaemia.