Paracrine and Autocrine Regulators of Trophoblast Invasion— A Review

Bischof, P.; Meisser, A.; Campana, A.

doi:10.1053/plac.2000.0521

Cited by 198 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…An increase in transcripts related to TGF-β1 and its receptor was noted. In addition, TGF-β activated kinase (TAK1) transcript increased, suggesting that TGF-β 1 and its associated genes are functioning at the time of blastocyst attachment as has been previously described [21]. It should be noted that transcripts for tumor suppressor genes increased ( Table 4), suggesting that in addition to genes associated with cell proliferation, their growth is under the control of tumor suppressor genes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Use of DNA Array to Screen Blastocyst Genes Potentially Involved in the Process of Murine Implantation

Qin

Takahashi

Imai

et al. 2003

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. Conceptus implantation to the mother's uterus is a complex series of events involving coordinated expression of numerous genes at both the embryonic and the uterine sides. Since there are no suitable in vivo or in vitro experimental models, sequential changes occurring during the periimplantation periods have not been well characterized. Using GeneChip technology and a recently introduced murine in vitro model of implantation, the expression of embryonic genes was examined before and after attachment to the uterine stromal cells. Instead of RNA or mRNA, amplified cRNA was subjected to the GeneChip analysis because amounts of mRNA in each blastocyst were minimal. Among 6,500 gene transcripts examined, changes in mRNA levels for 802 genes were identified. Of these detections, transcripts previously unsuspected were changes in a group of tumor suppressor and stress-induced genes, whose transcripts increased as embryos attached to the membrane. Validity of the data was evaluated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization analyses, both of which confirmed developmental changes in selected gene expressions during pre-and post-attachment periods. The present data suggest that GeneChip technology would be very useful for finding genes previously unsuspected, and this method should be used as an initial step, particularly as a screening tool, toward the dissection of complex mechanisms such as the processes of implantation. Key words: High-density oligonucleotide array, Feeder cells, Whole blastocyst culture, Implantation model (J. Reprod. Dev. 49: [473][474][475][476][477][478][479][480][481][482][483][484] 2003) he process of conceptus implantation into the m a t e r n a l e n d o m e tr i u m d e p e n d s o n synchronized development of the blastocyst and the uterus. A two-way interaction between the blastocyst and uterus, resulting in the receptive state of the uterus, is essential for successful implantation, decidualization and subsequent placental formation [1]. In the mouse, the first conspicuous sign of implantation, increased endometrial vascular permeability, is seen at the site of blastocyst apposition, and it coincides with the init ial at tachment reaction [2,3]. This attachment is followed by adherence of trophoblast cells to and invasion into the uterine luminal e p i t h e l i u m a n d t h e u n d e r l y i n g b as e m e n t membra ne, while co mplex cha nges such as proliferation and differentiation of endometrial stromal cells take place in a progressive manner.If in fact, coordinated progression of maternalf e t a l d e v e l o p m e n t d u r i n g t h e p e r i o d o f implantation is dependent on the interactions of a

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Use of DNA Array to Screen Blastocyst Genes Potentially Involved in the Process of Murine Implantation

Qin

Takahashi

Imai

et al. 2003

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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“…Thirdly, it has been suggested that growth factors from the villous mesenchymal core, cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast play a significant role in the formation and expansion of extravillous trophoblast outgrowth Cytotrophoblast differentiation 101 (Bischof et al 2000, Lacey et al 2002. However, despite the death of the vast majority of cells in the villi within 4 days of culture, extravillous trophoblast outgrowth continued for up to 3 weeks in our model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotrophoblast differentiation in the first trimester of pregnancy: evidence for separate progenitors of extravillous trophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblast

James

Stone²,

Chamley³

2005

Reproduction

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It is commonly accepted that a single pool of villous cytotrophoblasts are precursors of both syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous trophoblasts during the first trimester. Here we present evidence that these two trophoblast subpopulations arise from separate progenitors that have different survival characteristics when studied in villous explant cultures. Dual staining with chloromethylfluorescin diacetate and ethidium bromide revealed degeneration of the syncytiotrophoblast by non-apoptotic mechanisms within 4 h of culture. The syncytiotrophoblast had regenerated within 48 h but at this point the vast majority of the cytotrophoblast and cells of the mesenchymal core were dead. Despite this extensive cytotrophoblast death, explants are able to produce extravillous trophoblast outgrowth for up to 3 weeks in culture. We believe that the villous cytotrophoblasts in the tips of anchoring villi are resistant to the factors that cause the death of the majority of villous cytotrophoblasts in culture. We speculate that as early as 8 weeks of gestation there are two separate villous cytotrophoblast populations, one committed to differentiate into syncytiotrophoblast and the second committed to the extravillous differentiation pathway

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“…These authors demonstrated that trophoblasts do not become invasive in hypoxic conditions in vitro and proposed that a relatively O2-rich environment, such as in the maternal arteries, stimulates trophoblastic invasion and encourages their arterial infiltration. The factors derived from the decidual tissue are also thought to regulate trophoblastic invasion and differentiation (Bischof et al, 2000). In either ectopic pregnancy or placenta accrete where development of decidual tissue is insufficient, excess trophoblastic invasion has been observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophoblasts acquire a chemokine receptor, CCR1, as they differentiate towards invasive phenotype

et al. 2003

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At the human feto-maternal interface, trophoblasts differentiate towards extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) and form the cell column. EVTs acquire invasive activity in the distal part of the cell column and begin to migrate into the maternal tissue. We previously reported that dipeptidyl peptidase IV(DPPIV) is expressed on EVTs in the proximal part of cell column and is involved in the inhibition of their migration. Because DPPIV has been shown to degrade several chemokines, we examined possible roles of chemokines in EVT migration.Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that C-C chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) was hardly detected on cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblast but was expressed on EVTs in the cell column. In vitro, CCR1 protein was also present on the surface of EVTs that grew out from chorionic villous explants cultured under 20% O2. Chemokines that can bind to CCR1 (CCR1 ligands), such as regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), were confirmed in the decidual tissues by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. These CCR1 ligands promoted the migration of the EVTs that were isolated from the explant cultures in vitro. These results indicate that CCR1 is expressed on trophoblasts as they differentiate to EVTs and that CCR1 ligands produced from the decidual tissue induce EVT migration.By contrast, CCR1 was scarcely expressed on EVTs that grew out from villous explants cultured in 1% O2, indicating that a relatively high oxygenic environment is needed to induce CCR1 expression. Moreover, CCR1 expression on the isolated EVTs was significantly reduced in the presence of decidua-conditioned medium. Such regulation of CCR1 by surrounding oxygenic and decidual environments supports a close correlation between EVT invasion and their expression of CCR1.This study demonstrates that trophoblasts acquire CCR1 as they differentiate to an invasive phenotype at the villus-anchoring sites and indicates a novel role for the chemokine-CCR1 system in the initial step of trophoblastic invasion towards the maternal tissue.

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Paracrine and Autocrine Regulators of Trophoblast Invasion— A Review

Cited by 198 publications

References 33 publications

Use of DNA Array to Screen Blastocyst Genes Potentially Involved in the Process of Murine Implantation

Use of DNA Array to Screen Blastocyst Genes Potentially Involved in the Process of Murine Implantation

Cytotrophoblast differentiation in the first trimester of pregnancy: evidence for separate progenitors of extravillous trophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblast

Trophoblasts acquire a chemokine receptor, CCR1, as they differentiate towards invasive phenotype

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