Paradigm Wars: Selecting a Philosophical Side When Considering a Research Design

Wilding, Amanda

doi:10.4135/9781526477002

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Paradigms are described as integrated methodological frameworks [7] or logically structured theory-creation systems or traditions [8]. The paradigmatic structure encompasses facets such as the research design, research method, and incorporates: (a) how an observer or investigator has acquired knowledge (epistemology); (b) the individual's perspective regarding the nature of reality (ontology); and (c) the methods used for inquiry (methodology) [9,10,11]. Cognitively framing the inspection within a paradigmatic structure allows contemplation of how the predispositions of the investigator influence the inspection.…”

Section: Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introspective Inspection

Mullen¹

2020

ijmra

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This summary review examines the inspection process in relation to fundamental research paradigms and factors influencing those paradigms. The objective is to offer a brief insight into the inspection process through the prisms of science, philosophy, and psychology but not to advocate for a specific approach. The reader is encouraged to consider factors related to the interchanges of an observer, the phenomena that are observed, and the combination of the observer and the observed. Arming the observer with broader knowledge can bolster approaches to inspection. At a minimum, the discussion will encourage introspection. The term ‘observer’ is used contextually in this paper both as the act of receiving information from the external world and as a practitioner assessing phenomena. An awareness of the different avenues of inquiry and factors influencing inquiry may assist with conceptual and practical approaches to observation and inspection. Gathering information through observation has obvious similarities with data collection in formal research. The act of observation shapes our interpretations of reality and how information is processed into knowledge. Practical field-level inspections lack formal research structure; however, envisioning inspections from a theoretical perspective allows appreciation for both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A combination of qualitative and quantitative paradigms is termed mixed-methods or mixed methodology. This conceptual quantitative-qualitative amalgam includes reconciling their philosophical roots with positivism, interpretivism, and constructivism. Comparisons between research methods and field-level inspection are explored through information research and summary review. The constructs of the observer effect, solipsism, social capital, and locus of control inform the discussion.

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Section: Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introspective Inspection

Mullen¹

2020

ijmra

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“…However, situating my theoretical perspectives prior to my empirical findings forms the illusion that my views are somewhat binary, and that they will not evolve as my research progresses (Berger, 2015). Speaking figuratively, philosophies of science create an arena, the sands of which are littered with the debris of ontological and epistemological hand to hand combat (Wilding, 2019). For a doctoral student, it is a confusing and at times, an intellectually bruising place to be.…”

Section: Ontological and Epistemological Positioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurial Experiences of Becoming an Employer: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

Williams¹

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The aim of this study is to better understand how entrepreneurs become employers. Taking a phenomenological position, my research uses a co-creative methodology to explore transitions from entrepreneur to entrepreneur-employer. Job creation is commonly cited as a benefit of entrepreneurship (Birch, 1979; Acs, 2006), yet little is known about the transition to entrepreneur-employer. Recent estimates highlight that many UK enterprises are classified as non-employing businesses, comprising the founder only (ONS, 2020). This suggests that while a high proportion of individuals enter self-employment, growth presents a significant challenge for many (Coad et al., 2017). Extant research investigating the entrepreneur to entrepreneur-employer transition is predominantly functionalist, reinforcing commonly held beliefs that entrepreneurship is a desirable economic activity (Dvouletý, 2018). In response, I sought to apply a qualitative approach. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as a guiding framework, I explore the lived experiences of six female and four male entrepreneur-employers in South Wales. My contribution to the entrepreneurship field is twofold. Firstly, my findings reflect an uglier reality to job-creation than is readily visible in the mainstream entrepreneurship literature. Perceiving it as a double-edged sword, participants juxtaposed common entrepreneurial narratives against their everyday realties. Becoming an employer introduced a level of relationality, exposing participants to systems demanding conformity rather than entrepreneurial diversity. Second, methodologically I demonstrate how the use of a co-creative method is a valuable tool for accessing complex and nuanced entrepreneurial experiences. Participants universally expressed frustration at being suspended in what I interpret as a liminal state. Drawing on relevant literature, I theorise that this is particularly felt within neoliberal post-industrial contexts. I conclude that, for my participants, negotiating the gap between mainstream entrepreneurial narratives, and their lived entrepreneurial experiences, was a significant factor in moving beyond the critical entrepreneur to entrepreneur-employer transition.

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Paradigm Wars: Selecting a Philosophical Side When Considering a Research Design

Cited by 2 publications

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Introspective Inspection

Introspective Inspection

Entrepreneurial Experiences of Becoming an Employer: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

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