Paradoxical Obesity and Overweight Disparities Among Sexual Minority Men: A Meta-Analysis

López Castillo, Humberto; Blackwell, Christopher W.; Schrimshaw, Eric W.; ,

doi:10.1177/15579883221095387

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Consistent with prior work, we found that with the exception of a higher prevalence of tobacco use, gay male individuals have more favorable scores for diet, BMI, and glycemic status scores than heterosexual male individuals . Our findings are consistent with the few studies that have used the Healthy Eating Index to examine diet quality among gay men .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Differences in Ideal Cardiovascular Health Between Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Adults

et al. 2023

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ImportanceResearch on the cardiovascular health (CVH) of sexual minority adults has primarily examined differences in the prevalence of individual CVH metrics rather than comprehensive measures, which has limited development of behavioral interventions.ObjectiveTo investigate sexual identity differences in CVH, measured using the American Heart Association’s revised measure of ideal CVH, among adults in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study analyzed population-based data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2007-2016) in June 2022. Participants included noninstitutional adults aged 18 to 59 years. We excluded individuals who were pregnant at the time of their interview and those with a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or heart failure.ExposuresSelf-identified sexual identity categorized as heterosexual, gay/lesbian, bisexual, or something else.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was ideal CVH (assessed using questionnaire, dietary, and physical examination data). Participants received a score from 0 to 100 for each CVH metric, with higher scores indicating a more favorable CVH profile. An unweighted average was calculated to determine cumulative CVH (range, 0-100), which was recoded as low, moderate, or high. Sex-stratified regression models were performed to examine sexual identity differences in CVH metrics, disease awareness, and medication use.ResultsThe sample included 12 180 participants (mean [SD] age, 39.6 [11.7] years; 6147 male individuals [50.5%]). Lesbian (B = −17.21; 95% CI, −31.98 to −2.44) and bisexual (B = −13.76; 95% CI, −20.54 to −6.99) female individuals had less favorable nicotine scores than heterosexual female individuals. Bisexual female individuals had less favorable body mass index scores (B = −7.47; 95% CI, −12.89 to −1.97) and lower cumulative ideal CVH scores (B = −2.59; 95% CI, −4.84 to −0.33) than heterosexual female individuals. Compared with heterosexual male individuals, gay male individuals had less favorable nicotine scores (B = −11.43; 95% CI, −21.87 to −0.99) but more favorable diet (B = 9.65; 95% CI, 2.38-16.92), body mass index (B = 9.75; 95% CI, 1.25-18.25), and glycemic status scores (B = 5.28; 95% CI, 0.59-9.97). Bisexual male individuals were twice as likely as heterosexual male individuals to report a diagnosis of hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.98; 95% CI, 1.10-3.56) and use of antihypertensive medication (aOR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.12-4.32). No differences in CVH were found between participants who reported their sexual identity as something else and heterosexual participants.Conclusion and RelevanceResults of this cross-sectional study suggest that bisexual female individuals had worse cumulative CVH scores than heterosexual female individuals, whereas gay male individuals generally had better CVH than heterosexual male individuals. There is a need for tailored interventions to improve the CVH of sexual minority adults, particularly bisexual female individuals. Future longitudinal research is needed to examine factors that might contribute to CVH disparities among bisexual female individuals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In contrast, gay men report higher levels of physical activity and better diet quality than heterosexual men . Similarly, several studies have shown that gay men have lower risk of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Ideal Cardiovascular Health Between Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Adults

et al. 2023

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“…The distribution of BMI among SGMs compared to heterosexuals was inconsistent with previous Western studies. 34,35 Interestingly, this study showed the opposite of the association that homosexual and bisexual females tended to be overweight/obese 34 , and SGM males were less likely to be overweight/obese. 35…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…34,35 Interestingly, this study showed the opposite of the association that homosexual and bisexual females tended to be overweight/obese 34 , and SGM males were less likely to be overweight/obese. 35 Curiously, the prevalence of current smokers and habitual drinkers was less in SGMs than in heterosexuals among each sex, unlike previous studies. 21,22 The prevalence of substance users was greater in SGMs than in heterosexuals, as in previous Western studies 36 , but at a very low prevalence.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

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Estimation of Sexual and Gender Minorities in the adult population of Japan: Descriptive Epidemiological Study utilizing a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Internet Survey

Minami,

Inoue,

Matsushima

et al. 2024

Preprint

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BackgroundDescriptive study of Japanese sexual and gender minority (SGM) population with national representativeness have not been conducted. We sought to estimate the proportion of the Japanese SGM, and to describe those demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related variables.MethodsUtilizing data on a nationwide cross-sectional internet survey from September 12th to October 19th, 2022, we conducted a comprehensive descriptive study by applying inverse probable weighting method for national representativeness. Participants self-reported as heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, or gender minority (GM) and responded to questions on various demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related concerns.FindingsAmong Japanese adults, 4.8% identified as homosexuals, 1.3% as bisexuals, and 3.8% as GMs. SGMs were less likely to be married/partnered compared to heterosexuals, though a certain proportion were in opposite-sex marriages/partnerships. SGMs had lower household equivalent income, insurance coverage, home ownership, current smoking rates, good self-rated health, and full COVID-19 vaccination rates. They also exhibited higher rates of substance use, severe psychological distress, feelings of loneliness, and fear of COVID-19 compared to heterosexuals. When divided by assigned sex at birth, SGM males had poorer employment status, lower academic attainment, and higher body mass index compared to their heterosexual counterparts, while SGM females showed opposite trends.InterpretationDifferences in demographic, socioeconomic, and health status between heterosexuals and SGMs underscore the need for targeted health policies and interventions to address health disparities among Japanese SGMs. Additionally, these results suggest that directly applying Western health policies to the Japanese context may not always be appropriate.FundingFunded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, the Research Support Program to Apply the Wisdom of the University to tackle COVID-19 Related Emergency Problems, University of Tsukuba, and Health Labour Sciences Research Grantand the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development.

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Paradoxical Obesity and Overweight Disparities Among Sexual Minority Men: A Meta-Analysis

Cited by 2 publications

References 86 publications

Differences in Ideal Cardiovascular Health Between Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Adults

Differences in Ideal Cardiovascular Health Between Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Adults

Estimation of Sexual and Gender Minorities in the adult population of Japan: Descriptive Epidemiological Study utilizing a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Internet Survey

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