Paradoxical Prefrontal–Amygdala Recruitment to Angry and Happy Expressions in Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Keding, Taylor; Herringa, Ryan J.

doi:10.1038/npp.2016.104

Cited by 55 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…To this end, we examined amygdala functional connectivity during emotion processing in our sample of youth with PTSD. Notably, we found that youth with PTSD exhibit reduced coupling between the amygdala and rACC/dmPFC, which was further linked to PTSD severity [35,57]. These findings also agree with studies showing an inverse relationship between PTSD symptoms and amygdala-rACC coupling in adolescent sexual assault victims [59].…”

Section: Functional Brain Abnormalities During Emotion Processing In supporting

confidence: 88%

“…With regard to mid/dACC activation, earlier studies found no differences in activation relative to TD youth [38,55,56]. On the other hand, we have found dACC hyperactivation to both threat pictures and emotional faces in our sample of youth with PTSD [35,57]. This is notable given that the dACC is hypoactive in adult PTSD [58].…”

Section: Functional Brain Abnormalities During Emotion Processing In contrasting

confidence: 43%

“…Here, we found a group by age interaction on amygdala activation to both angry and happy faces. Specifically, TD youth showed the expected pattern of decreased amygdala activation with age, while youth with PTSD showed increased activation with age [35]. Interestingly, amygdala activation was actually lower in PTSD compared to TD youth at younger ages (<15 years), but showed hyperactivation by late adolescence.…”

Section: Functional Brain Abnormalities During Emotion Processing In mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to the PFC, published studies also show mixed activation findings in pediatric PTSD. Findings include increased [38] and decreased [56] vmPFC/rACC activation, increased [35] and decreased [55] dorsomedial (dm)PFC activation, increased [38,56] and decreased [55] ventrolateral (vl)PFC activation, and decreased dlPFC [38] activation in youth with PTSD (Table 1). There are many possible reasons for these discrepancies, including task differences, trauma-related factors (age at trauma, trauma type, trauma chronicity), and also potential sex differences [55] in youth with PTSD.…”

Section: Functional Brain Abnormalities During Emotion Processing In mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trauma, PTSD, and the Developing Brain

Herringa

2017

Curr Psychiatry Rep

190

126

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Purpose of review PTSD in youth is common and debilitating. In contrast to adult PTSD, relatively little is known about the neurobiology of pediatric PTSD, nor how neurodevelopment may be altered. This review summarizes recent neuroimaging studies in pediatric PTSD and discusses implications for future study. Recent findings Pediatric PTSD is characterized by abnormal structure and function in neural circuitry supporting threat processing and emotion regulation. Furthermore, cross-sectional studies suggest that youth with PTSD have abnormal frontolimbic development compared to typically developing youth. Examples include declining hippocampal volume, increasing amygdala reactivity, and declining amygdala-prefrontal coupling with age. Summary Pediatric PTSD is characterized by both overt and developmental abnormalities in frontolimbic circuitry. Notably, abnormal frontolimbic development may contribute to increasing threat reactivity and weaker emotion regulation as youth age. Longitudinal studies of pediatric PTSD are needed to characterize individual outcomes and determine whether current treatments are capable of restoring healthy neurodevelopment.

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Section: Functional Brain Abnormalities During Emotion Processing In supporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Functional Brain Abnormalities During Emotion Processing In contrasting

confidence: 43%

Section: Functional Brain Abnormalities During Emotion Processing In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functional Brain Abnormalities During Emotion Processing In mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Trauma, PTSD, and the Developing Brain

Herringa

2017

Curr Psychiatry Rep

190

126

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“…There is some evidence to suggest that processing of emotional valence itself is altered in PTSD, in particular for individuals who have suffered childhood maltreatment 102–103 . Given our desire to understand the basic neuroscience of negative emotions, there has been considerable recent effort made to use modern optogenetic and chemogenetic tools to understand the coding of valence in the mouse brain subpopulations of neurons in the BLA 104 , central amygdala 105 , nucleus accumbens 106 and ventral tegmental area (VTA) 107 , and other regions appear to respond to the appetitive or aversive qualities of a stimulus, independent of its sensory features 10 .…”

Section: Altered Cognition and Moodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain circuit dysfunction in post-traumatic stress disorder: from mouse to man

et al. 2018

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent, debilitating and sometimes deadly consequence of exposure to severe psychological trauma. Although effective treatments exist for some individuals, they are limited. New approaches to intervention, treatment and prevention are therefore much needed. In the past few years, the field has rapidly developed a greater understanding of the dysfunctional brain circuits underlying PTSD, a shift in understanding that has been made possible by technological revolutions that have allowed the observation and perturbation of the macrocircuits and microcircuits thought to underlie PTSD-related symptoms. These advances have allowed us to gain a more translational knowledge of PTSD, have provided further insights into the mechanisms of risk and resilience and offer promising avenues for therapeutic discovery.

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Adverse Life Experiences and Brain Function

Hosseini-Kamkar,

Varvani Farahani,

Nikolic

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceAdverse life experiences have been proposed to contribute to diverse mental health problems through an association with corticolimbic functioning. Despite compelling evidence from animal models, findings from studies in humans have been mixed; activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses have failed to identify a consistent association of adverse events with brain function.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of adversity exposure with altered brain reactivity using multilevel kernel density analyses (MKDA), a meta-analytic approach considered more robust than ALE to small sample sizes and methodological differences between studies.Data SourcesSearches were conducted using PsycInfo, Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science from inception through May 4, 2022. The following search term combinations were used for each database: trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), abuse, maltreatment, poverty, adversity, or stress; and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or neuroimaging; and emotion, emotion regulation, memory, memory processing, inhibitory control, executive functioning, reward, or reward processing.Study SelectionTask-based fMRI studies within 4 domains (emotion processing, memory processing, inhibitory control, and reward processing) that included a measure of adverse life experiences and whole-brain coordinate results reported in Talairach or Montreal Neurological Institute space were included. Conference abstracts, books, reviews, meta-analyses, opinions, animal studies, articles not in English, and studies with fewer than 5 participants were excluded.Data Extraction and SynthesisUsing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guideline, 2 independent reviewers assessed abstracts and full-text articles for entry criteria. A third reviewer resolved conflicts and errors in data extraction. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and data analysis occurred from August to November 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPeak activation x-axis (left-right), y-axis (posterior-anterior), and z-axis (inferior-superior) coordinates were extracted from all studies and submitted to MKDA meta-analyses.ResultsA total of 83 fMRI studies were included in the meta-analysis, yielding a combined sample of 5242 participants and 801 coordinates. Adversity exposure was associated with higher amygdala reactivity (familywise error rate corrected at P &lt; .001; x-axis = 22; y-axis = −4; z-axis = −17) and lower prefrontal cortical reactivity (familywise error rate corrected at P &lt; .001; x-axis = 10; y-axis = 60; z-axis = 10) across a range of task domains. These altered responses were only observed in studies that used adult participants and were clearest among those who had been exposed to severe threat and trauma.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this meta-analysis of fMRI studies of adversity exposure and brain function, prior adversity exposure was associated with altered adult brain reactivity to diverse challenges. These results might better identify how adversity diminishes the ability to cope with later stressors and produces enduring susceptibility to mental health problems.

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Paradoxical Prefrontal–Amygdala Recruitment to Angry and Happy Expressions in Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Cited by 55 publications

References 63 publications

Trauma, PTSD, and the Developing Brain

Trauma, PTSD, and the Developing Brain

Brain circuit dysfunction in post-traumatic stress disorder: from mouse to man

Adverse Life Experiences and Brain Function

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