Paradoxical sleep and memory storage processes

Fishbein, William; Gutwein, Baruch M.

doi:10.1016/s0091-6773(77)91903-4

Cited by 199 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Convincing experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that memory is further processed during sleep episodes subsequent to learning has accumulated, with early studies showing a spontaneous increase in the rapid eye movement (REM) phase of sleep subsequent to learning (Leconte and Hennevin 1971;Hennevin and Leconte 1977) and amnesia when animals or human subjects are deprived of REM sleep after learning (Fishbein 1970;Fishbein and Gutwein 1977; for review, see Hennevin et al 1995;also Smith 1985). Spear and Gordon (1981) proposed a conceptual framework for information processing during sleep, suggesting that memories are reactivated, particularly during the REM phase, and it is this active state of memory that allows further processing or reinforcing of the underlying neural circuits in much the same way that reactivated memories can be impaired or improved in wakefulness (see preceding section).…”

Section: Memory Reactivation and Consolidation During Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval and Reconsolidation: Toward a Neurobiology of Remembering

Sara¹

2000

Learn. Mem.

844

580

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Section: Memory Reactivation and Consolidation During Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval and Reconsolidation: Toward a Neurobiology of Remembering

Sara¹

2000

Learn. Mem.

844

580

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“…According to this hypothesis, sleep is an essential part of the process by which long-term memories are formed. This is a popular and widely tested theory (Fishbein & Gutwein, 1977;Gutwein & Fishbein, 1980;Sejnowski, 1995;Sejnowski & Destexhe, 2000), but the experimental evidence is complex and inconclusive (Allen, Oswald, Lewis, & Tagney, 1972;Horne & McGrath, 1984;Vertes & Siegel, 2005;Foster & Wilson, 2006;Maquet, 2001), and the original hypothesis has been weakened to the point where some consider it vacuous (Siegel, 2005). There appears to be little evidence that sleep is vital to the consolidation of declarative memories (Smith, 2001;Walker, 2005).…”

Section: Why Do We Sleep?mentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Hypothesis for Sleep: Tuning for Criticality

Pearlmutter

Houghton

2009

Neural Computation

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We propose that the critical function of sleep is to prevent uncontrolled neuronal feedback while allowing rapid responses and prolonged retention of short-term memories. Through learning, the brain is tuned to react optimally to environmental challenges. Optimal behavior often requires rapid responses and the prolonged retention of short-term memories. At a neuronal level, these correspond to recurrent activity in local networks. Unfortunately, when a network exhibits recurrent activity, small changes in the parameters or conditions can lead to runaway oscillations. Thus, the very changes that improve the processing performance of the network can put it at risk of runaway oscillation. To prevent this, stimulus-dependent network changes should be permitted only when there is a margin of safety around the current network parameters. We propose that the essential role of sleep is to establish this margin by exposing the network to a variety of inputs, monitoring for erratic behavior, and adjusting the parameters. When sleep is not possible, an emergency mechanism must come into play, preventing runaway behavior at the expense of processing efficiency. This is tiredness.

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“…Behavioral studies of learning and memory in both humans and animals provide considerable evidence to support the hypothesis that post-training rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is critical for and is the most favorable behavioral state for memory processing and improvement of learning (for review, see Fishbein and Gutwien, 1977;McGrath and Cohen, 1978;Pearlman, 1979;Smith, 1985Smith, , 1995Dujardin et al, 1990;Karni et al, 1994;Stickgold, 1998;Datta, 2000;Maquet et al, 2003). Other studies have demonstrated that REM sleep is critical for neuronal plasticity, which is a critical mechanism for memory processing (Bramham and Srebro, 1989;Frank et al, 2001;Campbell et al, 2002;Guzman-Marin et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of Phasic Pontine-Wave Generator Prevents Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Deprivation-Induced Learning Impairment in the Rat: A Mechanism for Sleep-Dependent Plasticity

Datta¹,

Mavanji²,

Ulloor³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

150

167

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Animal and human studies of sleep and learning have demonstrated that training on various tasks increases subsequent rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and phasic pontine-wave (P-wave) activity, followed by improvement in performance on the learned task. It is well documented that REM sleep deprivation after learning trials blocks the expected improvement in performance on subsequent retesting. Our aim was to test whether experimentally induced P-wave generator activation could eliminate the learning impairment produced by post-training REM sleep deprivation. Rats were trained on a two-way active avoidance-learning task. Immediately thereafter, two groups of those rats received a control vehicle (100 nl saline) microinjection and one group received a carbachol (50 ng in 100 nl saline) microinjection into the P-wave generator. The carbachol-injected group and one of the two control saline microinjected groups were selectively deprived of REM sleep during a 6 hr polygraphic recording session. All rats were then tested on the avoidance-learning task. The rats that received both the control saline injection and REM sleep deprivation showed learning deficits compared with the control saline-injected rats that were allowed to sleep normally. In contrast, the rats that received the carbachol microinjection and REM sleep deprivation demonstrated normal learning. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that carbachol-induced activation of the P-wave generator prevents the memory-impairing effects of post-training REM sleep deprivation. This evidence supports our hypothesis that the activation of the P-wave generator during REM sleep deprivation enhances a physiological process of memory, which occurs naturally during post-training REM sleep.

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Paradoxical sleep and memory storage processes

Cited by 199 publications

References 126 publications

Retrieval and Reconsolidation: Toward a Neurobiology of Remembering

Retrieval and Reconsolidation: Toward a Neurobiology of Remembering

A New Hypothesis for Sleep: Tuning for Criticality

Activation of Phasic Pontine-Wave Generator Prevents Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Deprivation-Induced Learning Impairment in the Rat: A Mechanism for Sleep-Dependent Plasticity

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