Paragenetic relationships between low- and high-grade gold mineralization in the Cripple Creek Au-Te deposit, Colorado: Trace element studies of pyrite

Kadel-Harder, Irene M.; Spry, Paul G.; Layton‐Matthews, Daniel; Voinot, Alexandre; Handt, Anette von der; McCombs, Audrey

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103847

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…LA-ICP-MS data indicate that neither pyrite nor arsenopyrite has either high Co and (or) high Ni, i.e., magmatic origin, but instead exhibit intermediate Co/Ni ratios and therefore suggest a hydrothermal origin [108]. The trace element changes between the different pyrite types suggest disequilibrium processes during rapid saturation, a common feature in many epithermal deposits [72,[109][110][111]. Intrusion-related gold systems spread through a broad range of mineralization styles, always relative to intrusive centers, and therefore, can include common patterns described for other deposit types.…”

Section: The Golden Ridge Gold Depositmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Element Characteristics of Pyrite and Arsenopyrite from the Golden Ridge Gold Deposit, New Brunswick, Canada: Implications for Ore Genesis

et al. 2023

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The Golden Ridge gold deposit is located in southwestern New Brunswick, in the Canadian Appalachians. Gold mineralization is consistently associated with acicular arsenopyrite, and to a lesser degree with pyrite, disseminated in host rocks, sulphide veinlets, quartz-carbonate veins, and the breccia matrix. According to petrographic-based textural differences, four types of pyrite and two types of arsenopyrite are recognized with associated assemblages. Based on SEM-BSE imaging and LA-ICP-MS spot analyses of the different types of pyrites and arsenopyrites, “invisible gold” (solid solution in the crystal lattice of pyrite and arsenopyrite or <100 nm nanoparticles) and micrometer-size inclusions were identified as the main forms of Au. Four syn-gold mineralization pulses of fluid are suggested. The initial hydrothermal fluid, which generated low-grade pyrite (Py-I) enriched in Sb, Pb, Cu, Co, Ni, and Bi, was followed by a second pulse of fluid enriched in arsenic and gold, generating coprecipitated Py-II and Asp-I. The third and fourth pulses were enriched in both arsenic and gold and precipitated Py-III, then coprecipitated Py-IV and Asp-II, which constitute the most important Au depositional episodes. The repeated occurrence of growth zones with Au enrichment in the arsenian pyrites (Py-II, Py-III, and Py-IV) indicate surface growth during metal deposition and disequilibrium crystallization processes.

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Section: The Golden Ridge Gold Depositmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Element Characteristics of Pyrite and Arsenopyrite from the Golden Ridge Gold Deposit, New Brunswick, Canada: Implications for Ore Genesis

et al. 2023

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“…10f) are similar at all locations (Naden et al 2005;Alfieris et al 2013;Smith et al 2018;Schaarschmidt et al 2021a). Tellurium has the highest gas-melt partition coefficient of all trace metals in volcanic systems (Zelenski et al 2021) and is typically enriched in hydrothermal systems with an input of magmatic fluids (Berkenbosch et al 2019;Kadel-Harder et al 2020;Falkenberg et al 2022). Therefore, we propose a model whereby the enrichment of Te at Profitis Ilias is due to an input of ascending volcanic gases exsolved from a shallow magma reservoir beneath Profitis Ilias.…”

Section: Metal and Sulfur Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources, transport, and deposition of metal(loid)s recorded by sulfide and rock geochemistry: constraints from a vertical profile through the epithermal Profitis Ilias Au prospect, Milos Island, Greece

et al. 2023

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Drill core samples from the Profitis Ilias Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Au vein mineralization on Milos Island, Greece provide new insights into (i) the metal sources, (ii) the primary vertical metal(loid) distribution, and (iii) the supergene enrichment processes in a transitional shallow-marine to subaerial hydrothermal environment. Metal contents of unaltered and altered host rocks combined with Pb isotope analyses of hydrothermal sulfides suggest that most metal(loid)s were derived by leaching of basement rocks, whereas the distinct enrichment of Te is related to the addition of Te by a magmatic fluid. The trace element contents of base metal sulfides record decreasing Au, Te, Se, and Co, but increasing Ag, Sb, and Tl concentrations with increasing elevation that can be related to progressive cooling and fluid boiling during the hypogene stage. The formation of base metal veins with porous pyrite hosting hessite inclusions at ~ 400 m below the surface was triggered by vigorous fluid boiling. By contrast, the enrichment of native Au associated with oxidized Fe and Cu phases in the shallower part of the hydrothermal system resulted from supergene remobilization of trace Au by oxidizing meteoric water after tectonic exhumation to subaerial levels. Disseminated pyrite with higher Tl/Pb ratios and locally elevated Hg concentrations relative to vein pyrite reflects infiltration of the host rocks by boiled liquids and condensed vapor fluids. The vertical and temporal evolution of the Profitis Ilias mineralization, therefore, provides unique insights into the transport and precipitation of Au, Ag, Te, and related metal(loid)s by multiple fluid processes.

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“…The use of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for characterization of mineral chemistry has grown since its first application to geological media [116,117]. Its application for characterizing mineral chemistry has grown in the past 15 years to include a broad range of minerals [118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129].…”

Section: Mass Spectrometry-based Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Techniques and Applications of Mineral Chemistry to Mineral Exploration; Examples from Glaciated Terrain: A Review

Layton‐Matthews

McClenaghan

2021

Minerals

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This paper provides a summary of traditional, current, and developing exploration techniques using indicator minerals derived from glacial sediments, with a focus on Canadian case studies. The 0.25 to 2.0 mm fraction of heavy mineral concentrates (HMC) from surficial sediments is typically used for indicator mineral surveys, with the finer (0.25–0.50 mm) fraction used as the default grain size for heavy mineral concentrate studies due to the ease of concentration and separation and subsequent mineralogical identification. Similarly, commonly used indicator minerals (e.g., Kimberlite Indicator Minerals—KIMs) are well known because of ease of optical identification and their ability to survive glacial transport. Herein, we review the last 15 years of the rapidly growing application of Automated Mineralogy (e.g., MLA, QEMSCAN, TIMA, etc) to indicator mineral studies of several ore deposit types, including Ni-Cu-PGE, Volcanogenic Massive Sulfides, and a variety of porphyry systems and glacial sediments down ice of these deposits. These studies have expanded the indicator mineral species that can be applied to mineral exploration and decreased the size of the grains examined down to ~10 microns. Chemical and isotopic fertility indexes developed for bedrock can now be applied to indicator mineral grains in glacial sediments and these methods will influence the next generation of indicator mineral studies.

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Paragenetic relationships between low- and high-grade gold mineralization in the Cripple Creek Au-Te deposit, Colorado: Trace element studies of pyrite

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Trace Element Characteristics of Pyrite and Arsenopyrite from the Golden Ridge Gold Deposit, New Brunswick, Canada: Implications for Ore Genesis

Trace Element Characteristics of Pyrite and Arsenopyrite from the Golden Ridge Gold Deposit, New Brunswick, Canada: Implications for Ore Genesis

Sources, transport, and deposition of metal(loid)s recorded by sulfide and rock geochemistry: constraints from a vertical profile through the epithermal Profitis Ilias Au prospect, Milos Island, Greece

Current Techniques and Applications of Mineral Chemistry to Mineral Exploration; Examples from Glaciated Terrain: A Review

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