“…Mastery of around 1,500 different Chinese characters (kanji) has been considered a reasonable secondary-school target in Japan, although with the two-and three-character combinations the system permits, along with the syllabic portion of the script (kana), a much larger reading vocabulary is in fact achieved. Gesture did not wither away, but persisted as a common accompaniment of speech, either as a kinesic paralanguage for conveying nuances, emphasis, or even contradiction of the spoken message (Birdwhistell 1970, Kristeva 1968, La Barre 1964, Hall 1959, or in situations where spoken language fails because of inaudibility in noisy places or, more often, where there is no common tongue. Only the long obsession of linguistics with speech as the only "true form" of language has obscured the significance of the latter kind of conversation.…”