Parallel Architecture for Battery Charge Equalization

Dong, Bo; Li, Ye; Han, Yehui

doi:10.1109/tpel.2014.2364838

Cited by 108 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…(3) By changing the parameters of the resonant LCS converter, different balancing speeds can be achieved to meet the requirements of different energy storage devices. (4) The concept is modular [35], and the topology can be extended to any long series-connected battery strings or individual cells without limit. …”

Section: Basic Circuit Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Cell-to-Cell Equalizer Based on Three-Resonant-State Switched-Capacitor Converters for Series-Connected Battery Strings

et al. 2017

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Due to the low cost, small size, and ease of control, the switched-capacitor (SC) battery equalizers are promising among active balancing methods. However, it is difficult to achieve the full cell equalization for the SC equalizers due to the inevitable voltage drops across Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) switches. Moreover, when the voltage gap among cells is larger, the balancing efficiency is lower, while the balancing speed becomes slower as the voltage gap gets smaller. In order to soften these downsides, this paper proposes a cell-to-cell battery equalization topology with zero-current switching (ZCS) and zero-voltage gap (ZVG) among cells based on three-resonant-state SC converters. Based on the conventional inductor-capacitor (LC) converter, an additional resonant path is built to release the charge of the capacitor into the inductor in each switching cycle, which lays the foundations for obtaining ZVG among cells, improves the balancing efficiency at a large voltage gap, and increases the balancing speed at a small voltage gap. A four-lithium-ion-cell prototype is applied to validate the theoretical analysis. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed topology has good equalization performances with fast equalization, ZCS, and ZVG among cells.

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Section: Basic Circuit Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Cell-to-Cell Equalizer Based on Three-Resonant-State Switched-Capacitor Converters for Series-Connected Battery Strings

et al. 2017

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“…Thus, these active equalization circuits can generally be categorized as capacitor-based [8][9][10][11][12][13][14], inductor-based [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] or transformer-based [24][25][26] circuits, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of speed, accuracy, cost, size and efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This transformer is expensive and difficult to design for a large number of cells [3]. In addition, the transformer-based equalizers have poor expandability and large transformer magnetic flux leakage [7,15]. Thus, the transformer-based equalizers have difficulties to use in a large battery string.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inductor-based equalization circuits include buck-boost, Cûk, Sepic converters and so on. The equalization circuits proposed in [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] belong to this type. Inductor-based equalization circuits can realize bidirectional energy flow with higher balancing efficiency, but they often require a complex switch array and a precise control algorithm [8,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many of these equalizers suffer from long balancing times for a large number of battery cells. One reason why the balancing process is slow is that the equalizers are connected in series and the balancing speed is thus limited to the capacity of a single equalizer on the equalization path [3,15]. The balancing speed is not only related to the equalization topology, but also to the number of equalization path operating in parallel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Layered Bidirectional Equalizer Based on a Buck-Boost Converter for Series-Connected Battery Strings

et al. 2017

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Abstract:To eliminate the influence of the inconsistency on the cycle life and the available capacity of battery packs, and improve the balancing speed, a novel inductor-based layered bidirectional equalizer (IBLBE) is proposed. The equalizer is composed of two layers of balancing circuits connected in parallel. Each layer contains multiple balancing sub-circuits based on buck-boost converters. These balancing sub-circuits can equalize the corresponding cells simultaneously, and allow the dynamic adjustment of equalization path and equalization threshold. Analysis and simulation results demonstrate the IBLBE has a higher level balancing speed than other equalizers based on switched-capacitor or switched-inductor converters, and reduces the balancing time by 30% compared to existing inductor-based parallel architecture equalizers (PAEs). Experimental results are presented to validate the analysis and effectiveness of the proposed equalizer.

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A double boost 9‐level switched capacitor‐based multilevel inverter for photovoltaic applications

Agarwal

Gupta

Singh

2023

Circuit Theory & Apps

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Summary A self‐balancing 9‐level inverter is proposed in this paper. To generate a 9‐level voltage with a gain of two requires a single DC source, eight power switches, three capacitors, and two diodes. Without additional circuitry, the voltages of the capacitors in the proposed topology can achieve inherent balance. The peak‐inverse‐voltage (PIV) of six power switches equals or less than the source voltage, and the other two are twice. As power switches are complementary, the proposed topology requires fewer gate drivers. Furthermore, the self‐balancing capability of capacitors' voltage helps in simple control complexity. The description of topology, mode of operation, modulation strategy, and design of the capacitor of proposed topology are presented. The advantages of the proposed inverter are examined by comparing it with switched capacitor multilevel inverters (MLIs). Finally, a 9‐level prototype is built to verify the theoretical analysis and the practical efficacy of the proposed inverter.

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Parallel Architecture for Battery Charge Equalization

Cited by 108 publications

References 14 publications

A Cell-to-Cell Equalizer Based on Three-Resonant-State Switched-Capacitor Converters for Series-Connected Battery Strings

A Cell-to-Cell Equalizer Based on Three-Resonant-State Switched-Capacitor Converters for Series-Connected Battery Strings

A Novel Layered Bidirectional Equalizer Based on a Buck-Boost Converter for Series-Connected Battery Strings

A double boost 9‐level switched capacitor‐based multilevel inverter for photovoltaic applications

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