Parallel determination of von Willebrand Factor-Ristocetin and botrocetin cofactors

Thomas, Kathy B.; Tune, E. P.; Choong, S. C.

doi:10.1016/0049-3848(94)90255-0

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Botrocetin is a C-type lectin from the venom of Brazilian pit viper, or jararaca (Bothrops jararaca), that can induce in vitro binding of VWF to GPIb similar to that by ristocetin, and can be used to measure VWF function in the botrocetin cofactor activity assay (VWF:BCof). 39,40 Botrocetin and ristocetin bind to different parts of the VWF A1 domain, which contains the GPIb-binding site. 41,42 While ristocetin binds to both VWF and GPIb, botrocetin binds only to VWF, increasing its affinity for GPIb by approximately 300fold.…”

Section: Coagulation Testing In Snakebite Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Snake Venoms in Diagnostic Hemostasis and Thrombosis

Moore

2021

Semin Thromb Hemost

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Snake venoms have evolved primarily to immobilize and kill prey, and consequently, they contain some of the most potent natural toxins. Part of that armory is a range of hemotoxic components that affect every area of hemostasis, which we have harnessed to great effect in the study and diagnosis of hemostatic disorders. The most widely used are those that affect coagulation, such as thrombin-like enzymes unaffected by heparin and direct thrombin inhibitors, which can help confirm or dispute their presence in plasma. The liquid gold of coagulation activators is Russell's viper venom, since it contains activators of factor X and factor V. It is used in a range of clotting-based assays, such as assessment of factor X and factor V deficiencies, protein C and protein S deficiencies, activated protein C resistance, and probably the most important test for lupus anticoagulants, the dilute Russell's viper venom time. Activators of prothrombin, such as oscutarin C from Coastal Taipan venom and ecarin from saw-scaled viper venom, are employed in prothrombin activity assays and lupus anticoagulant detection, and ecarin has a valuable role in quantitative assays of direct thrombin inhibitors. Snake venoms affecting primary hemostasis include botrocetin from the jararaca, which can be used to assay von Willebrand factor activity, and convulxin from the cascavel, which can be used to detect deficiency of the platelet collagen receptor, glycoprotein VI. This article takes the reader to every area of the diagnostic hemostasis laboratory to appreciate the myriad applications of snake venoms available in diagnostic practice.

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