Parallel implementation of CRYSTALS-Dilithium for effective signing and verification in autonomous driving environment

Efficient Low-Latency Hardware Architecture for Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Standard

“…In comparison to the software implementation, our hard-ware implementation in this work demonstrates significant performance improvements. Seo et al [6] reported an optimized NEON implementation on an 8-core ARM v8.2 64bit CPU mounted on Jetson AGX Xavier. For Dilithium level 5, their implementation takes 542µs for Keygen, 625µs for Verify and 1001µs for the best-case scenario of Sign.…”

“…There is a growing interest in developing efficient implementations of this scheme in both hardware and software. Most existing works on implementing and evaluating Dilithium have used pure software methods [6], [7] or hardware-software co-design methods [8]. Developing and benchmarking software implementations of cryptographic algorithms like PQC is relatively straightforward.…”