Parallel trait adaptation across opposing thermal environments in experimental<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>populations

Tobler, Raymond; Hermisson, Joachim; Schlötterer, Christian

doi:10.1111/evo.12705

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Alternatively, the ancestral population could be established from isofemale lines (Tobler et al. ), which preserves the linkage disequilibrium of the natural source population and allows the reconstitution of ancestral populations when needed. However, because freshly established isofemale lines maintain segregating variation even after a few generations in the laboratory (Endler et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the procedure described in Tobler et al. (), we created two reconstituted ancestral populations (RAPs) in early 2015 (after approximately 100 generations laboratory maintenance) by combining one female from each of 110 remaining isofemale lines (of originally 113) into each RAP.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because E&R studies are strongly affected by linkage disequilibrium in the ancestral population (Kofler and Schlötterer ), Tobler et al. () proposed an alternative strategy. Isofemale lines act to preserve the variation in the ancestral population (AP) and allow for a reconstituted ancestral population (RAP) to be generated at any time during the experiment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ancestral population reconstitution from isofemale lines as a tool for experimental evolution

Nouhaud¹,

Tobler²,

Nolte³

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Experimental evolution is a powerful tool to study adaptation under controlled conditions. Laboratory natural selection experiments mimic adaptation in the wild with better‐adapted genotypes having more offspring. Because the selected traits are frequently not known, adaptation is typically measured as fitness increase by comparing evolved populations against an unselected reference population maintained in a laboratory environment. With adaptation to the laboratory conditions and genetic drift, however, it is not clear to what extent such comparisons provide unbiased estimates of adaptation. Alternatively, ancestral variation could be preserved in isofemale lines that can be combined to reconstitute the ancestral population. Here, we assess the impact of selection on alleles segregating in newly established Drosophila isofemale lines. We reconstituted two populations from isofemale lines and compared them to two original ancestral populations (AP) founded from the same lines shortly after collection. No significant allele frequency changes could be detected between both AP and simulations showed that drift had a low impact compared to Pool‐Seq‐associated sampling effects. We conclude that laboratory selection on segregating variation in isofemale lines is too weak to have detectable effects, which validates ancestral population reconstitution from isofemale lines as an unbiased approach for measuring adaptation in evolved populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ancestral population reconstitution from isofemale lines as a tool for experimental evolution

Nouhaud¹,

Tobler²,

Nolte³

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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“…; Tobler et al . ). The D. subobscura species has been especially interesting due to its rich chromosomal inversion polymorphism and the accumulation of a large number of studies carried out in different biogeographic areas, over time (Orengo & Prevosti ; Rodríguez‐Trelles & Rodríguez ; Solé et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Global warming and chromosomal inversion adaptation in isolated islands:Drosophila subobscurapopulations from Madeira

Madrenas

Balanyà

Arenas

et al. 2020

Entomological Science

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Global warming is an environmental phenomenon to which species must adapt to survive. Drosophila subobscura presents an adaptive capacity due to its chromosomal inversion polymorphism. Until now, the impact of global warming on this polymorphism has been studied in D. subobscura populations located either on a continental mainland or on islands not far from a continent. In this context, gene flow could be a relevant mechanism allowing the movement of thermally adapted inversions between populations. Our aim was to sample and study the chromosomal polymorphism on Madeira, a small isolated island in the Atlantic Ocean. We compared our findings with those reported in the same location approximately four and five decades ago. Moreover, we studied whether global warming has occurred on this island by analyzing mean, maximum and minimum temperatures over a 55‐year period. All atmospheric parameters have increased significantly, consistent with climate change expectations. Frequencies and chromosomal thermal index values of thermal adapted inversions remained quite stable over years. Furthermore, J, U and O chromosomes are almost fixed for “warm” adapted inversions. Thus, if there is little genetic variability remaining and temperatures continue increasing, island populations of D. subobscura might be on the threshold of endangerment. However, apart from selection, genetic drift and inbreeding, other processes, such as phenotypic plasticity or thermoregulatory behavior, could be involved in the survival of the species’ populations. Finally, although in danger, D. subobscura is a generalist that lives in humanized environments, and this fact could favor its persistence on Madeira Island.

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“…; Tobler et al. ), I used the proportion of wild‐type adults among all adults that completed development as a measure of larval competitive ability of the respective BactOral or Control populations. This measure is analogous to that used in the competitive paternity assay above; it combines the ability of the focal populations to withstand competition and their ability to suppress the competitor, both of which contribute to their relative fitness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual selection reveals a cost of pathogen resistance undetected in life‐history assays

Kawecki

2019

Evolution

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Mechanisms of resistance to pathogens and parasites are thought to be costly and thus to lead to evolutionary trade‐offs between resistance and life‐history traits expressed in the absence of the infective agents. On the other hand, sexually selected traits are often proposed to indicate “good genes” for resistance, which implies a positive genetic correlation between resistance and success in sexual selection. Here I show that experimental evolution of improved resistance to the intestinal pathogen Pseudomonas entomophila in Drosophila melanogaster was associated with a reduction in male sexual success. Males from four resistant populations achieved lower paternity than males from four susceptible control populations in competition with males from a competitor strain, indicating an evolutionary cost of resistance in terms of mating success and/or sperm competition. In contrast, no costs were found in larval viability, larval competitive ability and population productivity assayed under nutritional limitation; together with earlier studies this suggests that the costs of P. entomophila resistance for nonsexual fitness components are negligible. Thus, rather than indicating heritable pathogen resistance, sexually selected traits expressed in the absence of pathogens may be sensitive to costs of resistance, even if no such costs are detected in other fitness traits.

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Parallel trait adaptation across opposing thermal environments in experimentalDrosophila melanogasterpopulations

Cited by 40 publications

References 97 publications

Ancestral population reconstitution from isofemale lines as a tool for experimental evolution

Ancestral population reconstitution from isofemale lines as a tool for experimental evolution

Global warming and chromosomal inversion adaptation in isolated islands:Drosophila subobscurapopulations from Madeira

Sexual selection reveals a cost of pathogen resistance undetected in life‐history assays

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