Paralysis caused by the venom of the wasp, Microbracon gelechiae

Piek, T.; Spanjer, W.; Njio, K.D.; Veenendaal, R.L.; Mantel, P.

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(74)90053-5

Cited by 23 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Bracon gelechiae must paralyze its host before ovipositing (Ahmad and Muzaffar 1976). The sting triggers violent thrashing of host larvae (Salt 1931) and complete paralysis of one host, Galleria mellonella, takes 20-30 min (Piek et al 1974). By the time paralysis occurs, many groundcherry miners will be out on the leaf surface or hanging on a thread, unavailable to B. gelechiae females, who must oviposit through some kind of covering (e.g., the leaf) (Salt 1931).…”

Section: Effects Of Mining and Escape Behaviors On Parasitismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Influences on Parasitism of Two Leafminers: A Test of Enemy‐Free Space

Gross¹,

Price²

1988

Ecology

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We evaluated the importance of host plant traits as causes for a much greater parasitoid species richness on Tildenia inconspicuella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a leafminer on horsenettle, Solanum carolinense, than on tildenia georgei, a leafminer on groundcherry, Physalis heterophyllaa var. ambigua. In three field experiments, we found no evidence for short—term effects of host plants on parasitoids. None of the parasitoid species normally associated with the horsenettle miner successfully parasitized groundcherry miners transferred to horsenettle. Rates of parasitism and composition of parasitoid species did not differ for horsenettle miners on horsenettle vs. on eggplant, nor for groundcherry miners in tied vs. untied leaves. Instead, long—term effects of host plant morphology on leafminer behavior explained differences in parasitism between the two leafminer species. Whereas the mine structure of the groundcherry miner allows the larva to leave its mine and move freely over the leaf surface, the horsenettle miner stays within its mine, even when disturbed. We found that this difference has made the horsenettle miner vulnerable to more parasitoid species; it can be exploited, not only by parasitoids that can attack vagile hosts, but also by parasitoids restricted to concealed, sedentary hosts. Evidence further indicated that horsenettle trichome morphology has favored the evolution of this obligate endophytism in the horsenettle miner by selecting against mine architectures that would allow miners easy access to the leaf surface. When experimentally placed on leaf surfaces, miner larvae could not feed on horsenettle because they could not penetrate its meshwork of stellate trichomes. On groundcherry, where trichomes are thin and flexible, larvae easily initiated mines. We argue that obligate endophytism, which is uncommon among related gelechiids, is a specific adaption to horsenettle morphology that has made the horsenettle miner available to more parasitoid species than its vagile relatives.

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Section: Effects Of Mining and Escape Behaviors On Parasitismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Influences on Parasitism of Two Leafminers: A Test of Enemy‐Free Space

Gross¹,

Price²

1988

Ecology

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“…Both toxins are labile proteins (Visser, B. et al, 1983). This has been confirmed for the venom of M. gelechiae (Piek, T. et al, 1974) and for the purified venom preparation of M. hebetor (Visser, B. et al, 1976) as well as for A-MTX and B-MTX (Spanjer, W. et al, 1977, Visser, B. et al, 1983. This has been confirmed for the venom of M. gelechiae (Piek, T. et al, 1974) and for the purified venom preparation of M. hebetor (Visser, B. et al, 1976) as well as for A-MTX and B-MTX (Spanjer, W. et al, 1977, Visser, B. et al, 1983.…”

Section: Braconidaementioning

confidence: 71%

“…The stings of Microbracon hebetor and Microbracon gelechiae cause complete and permanent paralysis of the prey within 5-15 min, but if a dilute venom solution is injected the paralysis is reversible (Beard, R., 1952;Piek, T. et al, 1974). The paralysis persists over a long period of time without any apparent change in the ultrastructure of nerve endings being caused (Piek, T. et al, 1974;Rathmayer, W. and Walther, C, 1976). The paralysis persists over a long period of time without any apparent change in the ultrastructure of nerve endings being caused (Piek, T. et al, 1974;Rathmayer, W. and Walther, C, 1976).…”

Section: Braconidaementioning

confidence: 99%

Insect Venoms and Toxins

Piek

1985

Pharmacology

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Evidence for a presynaptic action of chlordimeform at the insect neuromuscular junction

Yamamoto

Washio

Fukami

1983

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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The mechanism of action of chlordimeform o n the mealworm nerve-muscle preparation was studied with microelectrodes. Chlordimeform affected neither the mean amplitude nor the frequency of spontaneous miniature excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Extracellular focal recordings show that in the presence of 0.8 mM chlordimeform the presynaptic spike is almost unchanged, but the quantal content for evoked transmitter release is reduced.It i s suggested that chlordimeform decreases the influx of calcium at the presynaptic terminal during the active phase of the nerve terminal action potential, thereby inhibiting evoked transmitter release.

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Paralysis caused by the venom of the wasp, Microbracon gelechiae

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Plant Influences on Parasitism of Two Leafminers: A Test of Enemy‐Free Space

Plant Influences on Parasitism of Two Leafminers: A Test of Enemy‐Free Space

Insect Venoms and Toxins

Evidence for a presynaptic action of chlordimeform at the insect neuromuscular junction

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