Paralytic Shellfish Poison (PSP)–Producing Dinoflagellate and PSP-Infested Organisms

Asakawa, Manabu; Gomez-Delan, Gloria; Barte-Quilantang, Mercy; Ito, Katsutoshi

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-55130-0_24

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…PST consist of a group of more than 50 neurotoxic alkaloids and are produced by several marine dinoflagellates of the genera Alexandrium, Gymnodinium and Pyrodinium as well as some species of freshwater cyanobacteria [26]. The strains of A. pacificum and A. catenella can produce high levels of a wide range of PST analogues [27,28], such as PST in A. catenella strains from Halifax Harbor ranged from 0.17 to 54 fmol cell −1 with the major components being C2 and GTX4 [27]. Comparatively, A. ostenfeldii, generally produces low concentrations of a more limited PST profile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Growth and Toxin Production of Alexandrium pacificum

Liu

Qiu

Tang

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Microplastics (MP) widely distributed in aquatic environments have adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Currently, the impact of MP on toxigenic red tide microalgae is poorly understood. In this study, the strain of Alexandriumpacificum ATHK, typically producing paralytic shellfish toxins (PST), was selected as the target. Effects of 1 and 0.1 μm polystyrene MP with three concentration gradients (5 mg L−1, 25 mg L−1 and 100 mg L−1) on the growth, chlorophyll a (Chl a), photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) and PST production of ATHK were explored. Results showed that the high concentration (100 mg L−1) of 1 μm and 0.1 μm MP significantly inhibited the growth of ATHK, and the inhibition depended on the size and concentration of MP. Contents of Chl a showed an increase with various degrees after MP exposure in all cases. The photosynthesis indicator Fv/Fm of ATHK was significantly inhibited in the first 11 days, then gradually returned to the level of control group at day 13, and finally was gradually inhibited in the 1 μm MP treatments, and promotion or inhibition to some degree also occurred at different periods after exposure to 0.1 μm MP. Overall, both particle sizes of MP at 5 and 25 mg L−1 had no significant effect on cell toxin quota, and the high concentration 100 mg L−1 significantly promoted the PST biosynthesis on the day 7, 11 and 15. No significant difference occurred in the cell toxin quota and the total toxin content in all treatments at the end of the experiment (day 21). All MP treatments did not change the toxin profiles of ATHK, nor did the relative molar percentage of main PST components. The growth of ATHK, Chl a content, Fv/Fm and toxin production were not affected by MP shading. This is the first report on the effects of MP on the PST-producing microalgae, which will improve the understanding of the adverse impact of MP on the growth and toxin production of A. pacificum.

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