“…The heuristic algorithms such as Ant Colony Optimization ( Dorigo and Caro, 1999 ), Particle Swarm Optimization ( Wang et al, 2003 ), Bat Algorithm ( YANG, 2010 ), Pigeon Swarm Algorithm ( Duan and Qiu, 2019 ) are all inspired by swarm intelligence and used to solve the NP-hard problem effectively. The heuristic algorithms generally appear to fall into local optima and slow convergence as the scale of the problem continues to expand ( Bouzbita et al, 2018 ; de S. Alves et al, 2018 ). Many improved methods have been proposed to optimize traditional accurate applications.…”